{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T08:34:36Z","timestamp":1776933276040,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"33","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770854400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100030719","name":"National Institute of Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54\u2010CA272688"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54\u2010CA272688"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100030719","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100030719","name":"National Institute of Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1\u2010HL157174"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1\u2010HL157174"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100030719","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100030719","name":"National Institute of Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1\u2010CA285308"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1\u2010CA285308"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100030719","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100030719","name":"National Institute of Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1\u2010CA279391"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1\u2010CA279391"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100030719","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Adv Funct Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The presence of donor\u2010specific antibodies (DSAs) is strongly associated with antibody\u2010mediated rejection (AMR) and worse allograft outcomes.\u00a0 The current gold standard method for detecting anti\u2010human leukocyte antigens (HLA) antibodies is based on the binding to HLA molecules, which are immobilized on beads. However, this assay may lead to the modification of the tertiary structure of the molecules and exposure of cryptic epitopes, thus resulting in aberrant\u00a0false\u2010positive and false\u2010negative reactivity. With the increasing reliance on virtual crossmatching (comparing anti\u2010HLA antibodies identified using the single antigen bead (SAB) assay to the donor HLA typing to identify DSAs) instead of a physical crossmatch, native and full\u2010length HLA proteins are critical for accurate HLA antibody identification. In this study, we incorporate native and full\u2010length HLA into phospholipid bilayer nanodiscs to form stable HLA\u2010nanodisc (HLA\u2010ND) complexes in a native\u2010like membrane environment that maintains structure and prevents denaturation for anti\u2010HLA antibody identification. Using these HLA\u2010ND complexes immobilized on beads, we show successful DSA identification with serum from kidney transplant recipients. Furthermore, we introduce a novel bioluminescence\u2010based bead\u2010free homogeneous immunoassay for detecting anti\u2010HLA antibodies using HLA\u2010ND complexes. This platform has the potential to accurately detect multiple anti\u2010HLA antibodies before and after solid organ transplantation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202503197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T06:41:29Z","timestamp":1770964889000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nanodisc\u2010Based Platform for HLA Antibody Identification"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6071-9602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mostafa T","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Engineering in Medicine and Division of Renal Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Transplantation Research Center Renal Division Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Tufts Medical Center  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology Faculty of Medicine Minia University  Minia Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2932-1321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenpeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Engineering in Medicine and Division of Renal Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Soliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Engineering in Medicine and Division of Renal Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Cucchiari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplantation Research Center Renal Division Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Unidad de Trasplante Renal Instituto Cl\u00ednico de Nefrolog\u00eda y Urolog\u00eda Hospital Cl\u00ednic  Barcelona Catalunya Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplantation Research Center Renal Division Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nour","family":"Younis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplantation Research Center Renal Division Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moustafa T.","family":"Mabrouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Engineering in Medicine and Division of Renal Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0203-9126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hagar E.","family":"Emam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Engineering in Medicine and Division of Renal Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yeji","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Engineering in Medicine and Division of Renal Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rania","family":"El Fekih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplantation Research Center Renal Division Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Connor","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplantation Research Center Renal Division Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christa A.","family":"Deban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplantation Research Center Renal Division Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anis","family":"Saad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplantation Research Center Renal Division Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Mehrej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplantation Research Center Renal Division Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siawosh","family":"Eskandari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplantation Research Center Renal Division Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soltan","family":"Al Chaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplantation Research Center Renal Division Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew P.","family":"Badaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplantation Research Center Renal Division Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Rhoge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplantation Research Center Renal Division Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Houda","family":"Djebli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplantation Research Center Renal Division Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Faculty of Medical Sciences UM6P Hospitals, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University  Benguerir Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vipheaviny A.","family":"Chea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology Dana\u2010Farber Cancer Institute  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Translational Immunogenomics Laboratory Dana\u2010Farber Cancer Institute  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Translational Immunogenomics Laboratory Dana-Farber Cancer Institute  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Cravedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Transplant Research Center and Department of Medicine Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Derin B.","family":"Keskin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology Dana\u2010Farber Cancer Institute  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Translational Immunogenomics Laboratory Dana\u2010Farber Cancer Institute  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Translational Immunogenomics Laboratory Dana-Farber Cancer Institute  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa Y.","family":"Yeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplantation Research Center Renal Division Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edgar","family":"Milford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Engineering in Medicine and Division of Renal Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jamil R.","family":"Azzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Engineering in Medicine and Division of Renal Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Transplantation Research Center Renal Division Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0712-8667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud L","family":"Nasr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Engineering in Medicine and Division of Renal Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"College of Medicine Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Health  Dubai UAE"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2015.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.15198"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"Organ Donation Statistics https:\/\/www.organdonor.gov\/learn\/organ\u2010donation\u2010statistics."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010018\u20100579\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13341"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000001115"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000144327.92898.A6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2015.03.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2011.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2022.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2015.09.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/hbsn.2019.01.01"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2022.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2019.12.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e3181a44206"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000000229"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2011.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2014.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-275-9_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology9110400"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4079"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587\u2010019\u20100322\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12127"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.4.1918"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","first-page":"44","article-title":"Bacterial Immunoglobulin (Ig)\u2010Receptors: Past and Present Perspectives","volume":"5","author":"Justiz\u2010Vaillant A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"American Journal of Microbiological Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antib4030259"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.bioconjchem.7b00335"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010021\u201003819\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592\u2010022\u201001488\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2019.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tan.15047"}],"container-title":["Advanced Functional Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/adfm.202503197","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/adfm.202503197","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/adfm.202503197","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T07:34:35Z","timestamp":1776929675000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/adfm.202503197"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"33","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/adfm.202503197"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adfm.202503197","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1616-301X","1616-3028"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1616-301X","type":"print"},{"value":"1616-3028","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e03197"}}