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It is hypothesized here that drug\u2010loaded nanoparticles that rapidly penetrate cervicovaginal mucus (CVM) lining the female reproductive tract will more effectively deliver their payload to underlying diseased tissues in a uniform and sustained manner compared with nanoparticles that do not efficiently penetrate CVM. Paclitaxel\u2010loaded nanoparticles are developed, composed entirely of polymers used in FDA\u2010approved products, which rapidly penetrate human CVM and provide sustained drug release with minimal burst effect. A mouse model is further employed with aggressive cervical tumors established in the cervicovaginal tract to compare paclitaxel\u2010loaded poly(lactic\u2010<jats:italic>co<\/jats:italic>\u2010glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (conventional particles, or CP) and similar particles coated with Pluronic F127 (mucus\u2010penetrating particles, or MPP). CP are mucoadhesive and, thus, aggregated in mucus, while MPP achieve more uniform distribution and close proximity to cervical tumors. Paclitaxel\u2010MPP suppress tumor growth more effectively and prolong median survival of mice compared with unencapsulated paclitaxel or paclitaxel\u2010CP. Histopathological studies demonstrate minimal toxicity to the cervicovaginal epithelia, suggesting paclitaxel\u2010MPP may be safe for intravaginal use. These results demonstrate the in vivo advantages of polymer\u2010based MPP for treatment of tumors localized to a mucosal surface.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201300519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,16]],"date-time":"2013-12-16T04:43:05Z","timestamp":1387168985000},"page":"1044-1052","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Vaginal Delivery of Paclitaxel via Nanoparticles with Non\u2010Mucoadhesive Surfaces Suppresses Cervical Tumor Growth"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Ming","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  400 N Broadway Baltimore MD 21231 USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  720 Rutland Avenue Baltimore MD 21205 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  400 N Broadway Baltimore MD 21231 USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  720 Rutland Avenue Baltimore MD 21205 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying\u2010Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  400 N Broadway Baltimore MD 21231 USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  720 Rutland Avenue Baltimore MD 21205 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel K.","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  400 N Broadway Baltimore MD 21231 USA"},{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University  3400 N Charles Street Baltimore MD 21218 USA"},{"name":"Eshelman School of Pharmacy University of North Carolina at Chapel  Hill, 120 Mason Farm Road Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  600 N Wolfe Street Baltimore MD 21287 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bolong","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University  3400 N Charles Street Baltimore MD 21218 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin C.","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  400 N Broadway Baltimore MD 21231 USA"},{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University  3400 N Charles Street Baltimore MD 21218 USA"},{"name":"Koch Institute for Integrated Cancer Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology  77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian W.","family":"Simons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  1550 Orleans Street Baltimore MD 21231 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura M.","family":"Ensign","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  400 N Broadway Baltimore MD 21231 USA"},{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University  3400 N Charles Street Baltimore MD 21218 USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  400 N Broadway Baltimore MD 21231 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanshu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"F. 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