{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T22:25:46Z","timestamp":1781648746399,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,17]],"date-time":"2015-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1434499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Adv Healthcare Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>High expression levels of pro\u2010inflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF)\u2010\u03b1 within bone defects can decelerate and impair bone regeneration. However, there are few available bone scaffolds with anti\u2010inflammatory function. The progranulin (PGRN)\u2010derived engineered protein, Atsttrin, is known to exert antagonistic effects on the TNF\u2010\u03b1 function. Hence, this study investigates whether 3D\u2010printed Atsttrin\u2010incorporated alginate(Alg)\/hydroxyapatite(nHAp) scaffolds can facilitate bone healing through affecting the TNF\/TNFR signaling. A 3D bioprinting system is used to fabricate Atsttrin\u2010Alg\/nHAp composite scaffolds, and the Atsttrin release from this scaffold is characterized, followed by evaluation of its efficacy on bone regeneration both in vitro and in vivo. The 3D\u2010printed Atsttrin\u2010Alg\/nHAp scaffold exhibits a precisely defined structure, can sustain Atsttrin release for at least 5 days, has negligible cytotoxicity, and supports cell adhesion. Atsttrin can also attenuate the suppressive effects of TNF\u2010\u03b1 on BMP\u20102\u2010induced osteoblastic differentiation in vitro. The 3D\u2010printed Atsttrin\u2010Alg\/nHAp scaffold significantly reduces the number of TNF\u2010\u03b1 positive cells within wound sites, 7 days after post\u2010calvarial defect surgery. Additionally, histological staining and X\u2010ray scanning results also show that the 3D\u2010printed Atsttrin\u2010Alg\/nHAp scaffold enhances the regeneration of mice calvarial bone defects. These findings thus demonstrate that the precise structure and anti\u2010inflammatory properties of 3D\u2010printed Atsttrin\u2010Alg\/nHAp scaffolds may promote bone defect repair.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201500211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,17]],"date-time":"2015-06-17T14:08:04Z","timestamp":1434550084000},"page":"1701-1708","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["3D\u2010Printed Atsttrin\u2010Incorporated Alginate\/Hydroxyapatite Scaffold Promotes Bone Defect Regeneration with TNF\/TNFR Signaling Involvement"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Quan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering School of Medicine Zhejiang University  Hangzhou P. R. China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine  Hangzhou P. R. 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