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Here, the first time use of sericin in vivo is reported as a long\u2010term implant for peripheral nerve regeneration. A sericin nerve guidance conduit is designed and fabricated. This conduit is highly porous with mechanical strength matching peripheral nerve tissue. It supports Schwann cell proliferation and is capable of up\u2010regulating the transcription of glial cell derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor in Schwann cells. The sericin conduit wrapped with a silicone conduit (sericin\/silicone double conduits) is used for bridging repair of a 5 mm gap in a rat sciatic nerve transection model. The sericin\/silicone double conduits achieve functional recovery comparable to that of autologous nerve grafting as evidenced by drastically improved nerve function and morphology. Importantly, this improvement is mainly attributed to the sericin conduit as the silicone conduit alone only produces marginal functional recovery. This sericin\/silicone\u2010double\u2010conduit strategy offers an efficient and valuable alternative to autologous nerve grafting for repairing damaged peripheral nerve.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201500355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,2]],"date-time":"2015-09-02T15:41:11Z","timestamp":1441208471000},"page":"2195-2205","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["A Silk Sericin\/Silicone Nerve Guidance Conduit Promotes Regeneration of a Transected Sciatic Nerve"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Hongjian","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Union Hospital Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan Hubei 430022 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Union Hospital Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan Hubei 430022 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianghai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand Surgery Union Hospital Huazhong University of Science &amp; 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