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In the miRi\u2010PCNPs, easily degraded miRi is encapsulated in PCNPs and thus prevented from degradation by nuclease. Cytotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and systemic toxicity assays and in vitro and ex vivo fluorescence imaging suggest that PCNPs possess excellent biocompatibility, higher cellular uptake efficiency, and selective kidney\u2010targeting capacity. Western blotting, pathological staining, and real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction analyses show that the therapeutic effect of miRi\u2010PCNPs on kidney fibrosis is much higher than that of miRi, which is mainly through suppressing transforming growth factor beta\u20101\/drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic protein 3 (TGF\u2010\u03b21\/Smad3) and extracellular signal\u2013regulated kinases\/mitogen\u2010activated protein kinase signaling pathway by inhibiting the expression of microRNA\u201021. For example, the tubule damage index and tubulointerstitial fibrosis area in the miRi\u2010PCNPs group are \u22482.5\u2010fold lower than those in the saline and bare miRi groups. The miRi\u2010PCNPs with special kidney\u2010targeting and high\u2010efficiency antifibrosis treatment may represent a promising strategy for designing and developing a therapeutic treatment for kidney fibrosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201800558","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,13]],"date-time":"2018-09-13T02:14:04Z","timestamp":1536804844000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Small\u2010Sized Cationic miRi\u2010PCNPs Selectively Target the Kidneys for High\u2010Efficiency Antifibrosis Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Xinran","family":"Geng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province Nanobiological medicine Center Department of Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology  Guangzhou 510640 China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of 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