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Although pulmonary inhalation of porous microparticles has been shown to sustain drug delivery, there are limited reports on efficient delivery of insulin and inhalation therapy of diabetes based on supercritical carbon dioxide (SC\u2010CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) technology. Herein, this study reports the fabrication of insulin\u2010loaded poly\u2010<jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010lactide porous microspheres (INS\u2010PLLA PMs) by using the SC\u2010CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> technology, and their use as an inhalation delivery system potentially for diabetes therapy. Biocompatibility and delivery efficiency of the PLLA PMs in the lungs are investigated. The PLLA PMs show negligible toxicity to lung\u2010derived cells, resulting in no significant reduction in cell viability, as well as levels of various inflammatory mediators such as interleukin (IL)\u20106, IL\u20108, and tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1, compared with the negative control group. INS\u2010PLLA PMs are further efficiently deposited in the trachea and the bronchi of superior lobes of the lungs, which exhibit pronounced hypoglycemic activity in induced diabetic rats. Together, the results demonstrate that the INS\u2010PLLA PMs have a strong potential as an effective strategy for inhalation treatment of diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201800910","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,5]],"date-time":"2018-10-05T15:22:17Z","timestamp":1538752937000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Supercritical Fluid\u2010Assisted Porous Microspheres for Efficient Delivery of Insulin and Inhalation Therapy of Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Xiao\u2010Fen","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Huaqiao University  Xiamen 361021 P. R. 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