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This requires a high sensitivity to small dynamic pressure changes and resistance to large quasi\u2010static pressure differences. The TM achieves this by providing a layered structure of about 100\u00b5m in thickness, a low flexural stiffness, and a high tensile strength. Chronically infected middle ears require reconstruction of a large area of the TM. However, current clinical treatment can cause a reduction in hearing. With the novel additive manufacturing technique of melt electrowriting (MEW), it is for the first time possible to fabricate highly organized and biodegradable membranes within the dimensions of the TM. Scaffold designs of various fiber composition are analyzed mechanically and acoustically. It can be demonstrated that by customizing fiber orientation, fiber diameter, and number of layers the desired properties of the TM can be met. An applied thin collagen layer seals the micropores of the MEW\u2010printed membrane while keeping the favorable mechanical and acoustical characteristics. The determined properties are beneficial for implantation, closely match those of the human TM, and support the growth of a neo\u2010epithelial layer. This proves the possibilities to create a biomimimetic TM replacement using MEW.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202002089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T02:38:12Z","timestamp":1611801492000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Biomimetic Tympanic Membrane Replacement Made by Melt Electrowriting"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Max","family":"von Witzleben","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden  Fetscherstr. 74 Dresden 01307 Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Stoppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Ear Research Center Dresden Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden  Fetscherstr. 74 Dresden 01307 Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6350-3399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tilman","family":"Ahlfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden  Fetscherstr. 74 Dresden 01307 Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Bernhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden  Fetscherstr. 74 Dresden 01307 Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie\u2010Luise","family":"Polk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Ear Research Center Dresden Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden  Fetscherstr. 74 Dresden 01307 Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Bornitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Ear Research Center Dresden Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden  Fetscherstr. 74 Dresden 01307 Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Neudert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Ear Research Center Dresden Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden  Fetscherstr. 74 Dresden 01307 Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9075-5121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Gelinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden  Fetscherstr. 74 Dresden 01307 Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_1","unstructured":"J.Acuin W. 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