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The uneven conductive properties between normal myocardium and scar tissue result in arrhythmia, yielding sudden cardiac death\/heart failure. A conductive biopolymer, poly\u20103\u2010amino\u20104\u2010methoxybenzoic acid\u2010gelatin (PAMB\u2010G), is able to resynchronize myocardial contractions in vivo. Intravenous PAMB\u2010G injections into mice show that it does not cause any acute toxicity, up to the maximum tolerated dose (1.6 mL kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>), which includes the determined therapeutic dose (0.4 mL kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>). There is also no short\u2010 or long\u2010term toxicity when PAMB\u2010G is injected into the myocardium of MI rats, with no significant changes in body weight, organ\u2013brain ratio, hematologic, and histological parameters for up to 12\u00a0months post\u2010injection. At the therapeutic dose, PAMB\u2010G restores electrical conduction in infarcted rat hearts, resulting in lowered arrhythmia susceptibility and improved cardiac function. PAMB\u2010G is also durable, as mass spectrometry detected the biopolymer for up to 12\u00a0months post\u2010injection. PAMB\u2010G did not impact reproductive organ function or offspring characteristics when given intravenously into healthy adult rats. Thus, PAMB\u2010G is a nontoxic, durable, and conductive biomaterial that is able to improve cardiac function for up to 1\u00a0year post\u2010implantation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202101838","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T04:18:21Z","timestamp":1635308301000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Bio\u2010Conductive Polymers for Treating Myocardial Conductive Defects: Long\u2010Term Efficacy Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Anne","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Toronto General Hospital Research Institute Division of Cardiovascular Surgery University Health Network  Toronto M5G 1L7 Canada"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Toronto  Toronto M5G 1L7 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yahan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toronto General Hospital Research Institute Division of Cardiovascular Surgery University Health Network  Toronto M5G 1L7 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toronto General Hospital Research Institute Division of Cardiovascular Surgery University Health Network  Toronto M5G 1L7 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu\u2010Hong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toronto General Hospital Research Institute Division of Cardiovascular Surgery University Health Network  Toronto M5G 1L7 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunfei","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toronto General Hospital Research Institute Division of Cardiovascular Surgery University Health Network  Toronto M5G 1L7 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terrance M","family":"Yau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toronto General Hospital Research Institute Division of Cardiovascular Surgery University Health Network  Toronto M5G 1L7 Canada"},{"name":"Division of Cardiac Surgery Department of Surgery University of Toronto  Toronto M5G 1L7 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2584-060X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ren\u2010Ke","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toronto General Hospital Research Institute Division of Cardiovascular Surgery University Health Network  Toronto M5G 1L7 Canada"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Toronto  Toronto M5G 1L7 Canada"},{"name":"Division of Cardiac Surgery Department of Surgery University of Toronto  Toronto M5G 1L7 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.118.006273"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2333721419859687"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2006.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldx011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2004.828030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009887306055"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2016.00389"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.106.101410"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.4.325"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-6757(95)90139-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.109.212936"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.865535"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_5","first-page":"218","volume":"25","author":"Edgerton Z. 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