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Although adhesives have been proposed to protect against sutures tearing through tendon during healing, no currently available adhesive meets the clinical needs of adhesive strength, biocompatibility, and promotion of healing. Here, a biocompatible, graded, 3,4\u2010dihydroxy phenyl chitosan (BGC) bioadhesive designed to meet these needs is presented. Although 3,4\u2010dihydroxy phenyl chitosan (DP\u2010chitosan) bioadhesives are biocompatible, their adhesion strength is low; soluble oxidants or cross\u2010linking agents can be added for higher bonding strength, but this sacrifices biocompatibility. These challenges are overcome by developing a periodate\u2010modified ion exchange resin\u2010bead filtration system that oxidizes catechol moieties to quinones and filters off the activating agent and resin. The resulting BGC bioadhesive exhibited sixfold higher strength compared to commercially available tissue adhesives, with strength in the range necessary to improve tendon\u2010to\u2010bone repair (\u22481MPa,\u00a0\u224820% of current suture repair strength). The bioadhesive is biocompatible and promoted tenogenesis; cells exposed to the bioadhesive demonstrated enhanced expression of collagen I and the tenogenic marker Scx. Results demonstrated that the bioadhesive has the potential to improve the strength of a tendon\u2010to\u2010bone repair and promote healing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202102344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T15:54:20Z","timestamp":1642089260000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Mechanically Competent Chitosan\u2010Based Bioadhesive for Tendon\u2010to\u2010Bone Repair"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Fei","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery Columbia University  New York NY 10032 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roscoe T. H.","family":"Linstadt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACatechol, Inc.  Santa Barbara CA 93103 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy M.","family":"Genin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering MechanoBiology Washington University in St. Louis  St. Louis MO 63130 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kollbe","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACatechol, Inc.  Santa Barbara CA 93103 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1531-4849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stavros","family":"Thomopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery Columbia University  New York NY 10032 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-bioeng-071910-124656"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(03)0057-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2018.01.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2018.0838"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2015.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/biores.2013.0028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200402000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200304000-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","author":"Tarafder S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2018.04.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-021-00769-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao0350"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aah6362"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9663"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6b13149"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20246297"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24163009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b14526"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4002641"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-3317-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2009.05.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-011-1357-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193414566566"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/2000656X.2012.730488"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-014-2615-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2008.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2016.11.116"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-009-3782-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2017.09.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-53319-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.9b00426"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/term.2941"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20184487"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-51070-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","first-page":"35","volume":"10","author":"Thomopoulos S.","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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