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Here, a smart hydrogel consisted of norspermidine, aminoglycosides, and oxidized polysaccharide is prepared via the formation of acid\u2010labile imine linkage to treat <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> biofilm infections in several animal models. The increased acidity caused by bacterial infection triggers the release of norspermidine and aminoglycosides covalently bound with the polymer scaffold. The released norspermidine inhibits biofilm formation and virulence production by regulating the quorum sensing of <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>, while the aminoglycoside antibiotics effectively kill the released bacteria. The gel thoroughly inhibits biofilm formation on various medical devices and decreases bacteria pathogenicity. It efficiently inhibits implantation\u2010associated biofilm infections and chronic wound infections, and shows great promise to prevent and treat biofilm\u2010induced refractory infection in clinics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202200299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]],"date-time":"2022-03-20T13:33:26Z","timestamp":1647783206000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["A Smart Hydrogel with Anti\u2010Biofilm and Anti\u2010Virulence Activities to Treat <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i> Infections"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology School of Life Sciences East China Normal University  Shanghai 200241 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