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In this study, the excellent processing ability of silk fibroin and the outstanding cell adhesion quality of spider dragline silk are combined to generate a silk\u2010in\u2010silk conduit for nerve repair. Fibroin\u2010based silk conduits (SC) are characterized, and Schwann cells are seeded on the conduits and spider silk. Rat sciatic nerve (10\u00a0mm) defects are treated with an autograft (A), an empty SC, or a SC filled with longitudinally aligned spider silk fibers (SSC) for 14\u00a0weeks. Functional recovery, axonal re\u2010growth, and re\u2010myelination are assessed. The material characterizations determine a porous nature of the conduit. Schwann cells accept the conduit and spider silk as growth substrate. The in vivo results show a significantly faster functional regeneration of the A and SSC group compared to the SC group. In line with the functional results, the histomorphometrical analysis determines a comparable axon density of the A and SSC groups, which is significantly higher than the SC group. These findings demonstrate that the here introduced silk\u2010in\u2010silk nerve conduit achieves a similar regenerative performance as autografts largely due to the favorable guiding properties of spider dragline silk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202203237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T01:07:34Z","timestamp":1674436054000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Silk\u2010in\u2010Silk Nerve Guidance Conduits Enhance Regeneration in a Rat Sciatic Nerve Injury Model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4732-5227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenz","family":"Semmler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery Medical University of Vienna  Spitalgasse 23 Vienna 1090 Austria"},{"name":"Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration  Vienna 1200 Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aida","family":"Naghilou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery Medical University of Vienna  Spitalgasse 23 Vienna 1090 Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavia","family":"Millesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery Medical University of Vienna  Spitalgasse 23 Vienna 1090 Austria"},{"name":"Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration  Vienna 1200 Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery Medical University of Vienna  Spitalgasse 23 Vienna 1090 Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anda","family":"Mann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery Medical University of Vienna  Spitalgasse 23 Vienna 1090 Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Stadlmayr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery Medical University of Vienna  Spitalgasse 23 Vienna 1090 Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sascha","family":"Mero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery Medical University of Vienna  Spitalgasse 23 Vienna 1090 Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leon","family":"Ploszczanski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics and Materials Science University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences  Gregor\u2010Medel\u2010Stra\u00dfe 33 Vienna 1180 Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Greutter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry Medical University of Vienna  Spitalgasse 23 Vienna 1090 Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adelheid","family":"Woehrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry Medical University of Vienna  Spitalgasse 23 Vienna 1090 Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Placheta\u2010Gy\u00f6ri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery Medical University of Vienna  Spitalgasse 23 Vienna 1090 Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fritz","family":"Vollrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology University of Oxford  Mansfield Rd. 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