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Currently, the gold standard clinical treatment of mandibular resections (i.e., autologous fibular flap) has many drawbacks, driving research efforts toward scaffold design and fabrication by additive manufacturing (AM) techniques. Once implanted, the scaffold acts as a support for native tissue and facilitates processes that contribute to its regeneration, such as cells infiltration, matrix deposition and angiogenesis. However, to fulfil these functions, scaffolds must provide bioactivity by mimicking natural properties of the mandible in terms of structure, composition and mechanical behavior. This review aims to present the state of the art of scaffolds made with AM techniques that are specifically employed in mandibular tissue engineering applications. Biomaterials chemical composition and scaffold structural properties are deeply discussed, along with strategies to promote osteogenesis (i.e., delivery of biomolecules, incorporation of stem cells, and approaches to induce vascularization in the constructs). Finally, a comparison of in vivo studies is made by taking into consideration the amount of new bone formation (NB), the CSD dimensions, and the animal model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202300128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T18:54:15Z","timestamp":1682535255000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Regeneration of Critical\u2010Sized Mandibular Defects Using 3D\u2010Printed Composite Scaffolds: A Quantitative Evaluation of New Bone Formation in In Vivo Studies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2165-0582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophia","family":"Dalfino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Surgical and Dental Sciences Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano  Milano 20122 Italy"},{"name":"Complex Tissue Regeneration Department MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine  Maastricht 6229 ER The Netherlands"},{"name":"Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico  Milano 20122 Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Savadori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Surgical and Dental Sciences Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano  Milano 20122 Italy"},{"name":"Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico  Milano 20122 Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0387-9404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Piazzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Surgical and Dental Sciences Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano  Milano 20122 Italy"},{"name":"Department of Physics Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano  Milano 20133 Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen Thaddeus","family":"Connelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral &amp; Maxillofacial Surgery University of California San Francisco  4150 Clement St San Francisco CA 94121 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aldo Bruno","family":"Giann\u00ec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Surgical and Dental Sciences Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano  Milano 20122 Italy"},{"name":"Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico  Milano 20122 Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Del Fabbro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Surgical and Dental Sciences Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano  Milano 20122 Italy"},{"name":"Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico  Milano 20122 Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca Martino","family":"Tartaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Surgical and Dental Sciences Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano  Milano 20122 Italy"},{"name":"Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico  Milano 20122 Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1298-6025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Moroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Complex Tissue Regeneration Department MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine  Maastricht 6229 ER The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.128541"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07039"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-9-66"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12194"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200008000-00018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/769414"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2016.0543"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2020.110698"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-799X-9-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3182778938"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","first-page":"405","volume":"32","author":"Pellini R.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol. 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