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However, its therapeutic features largely depend on pretreatment and transplantation preparation. Herein, a novel biomimetic periodontal ligament transplantation composed of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) pretreated with gold nanocomplexes (AuNCs) and embedded in a type\u2010I collagen hydrogel scaffold is developed to protect alveolar bone from resorption. AuNCs are readily absorbed by primary hPDLSCs, with limited cytotoxicity, and promote osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs effectively in vitro. In addition, the AuNCs\u2010induced hPDLSCs are encapsulated with type\u2010I collagen hydrogel scaffold to mimic their native physiological niche, and then are transplanted into a rat model of alveolar bone resorption. Both micro\u2010computed tomography (micro\u2010CT) and immunohistochemical assays demonstrate that alveolar bone loss is significantly prevented. Furthermore, the underlying therapeutic mechanism is elucidated, in which transplantation\u2010activated osteogenesis is associated with autophagy, which enables bone remodeling and regeneration. This study provides critical insight into the role of PDLSCs in bone homeostasis and proposes an innovative AuNCs\u2010based strategy for stem cell therapy in bone regeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202300328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T06:59:13Z","timestamp":1682665153000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Biomimetic Periodontal Ligament Transplantation Activated by Gold Nanoparticles Protects Alveolar Bone"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8376-7930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chen","family":"Zong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Health Sciences\u2010Orthodontics KU Leuven (University of Leuven) and Dentistry, UZ Leuven (University Hospitals Leuven)  Kapucijnenvoer Leuven 3000 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