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The international space agencies have recognized the unique opportunities of these technologies for manufacturing cell and tissue models for basic research in space, in particular for investigating the effects of microgravity and cosmic radiation on different types of human tissues. In addition, bioprinting is capable of producing clinically applicable tissue grafts, and its implementation in space therefore can support the autonomous medical treatment options for astronauts in future long term and far\u2010distant space missions. The article discusses opportunities but also challenges of operating different types of bioprinters under space conditions, mainly in microgravity. While some process steps, most of which involving the handling of liquids, are challenging under microgravity, this environment can help overcome problems such as cell sedimentation in low viscous bioinks. Hopefully, this publication will motivate more researchers to engage in the topic, with publicly available bioprinting opportunities becoming available at the International Space Station (ISS) in the imminent future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202300443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,24]],"date-time":"2023-06-24T21:22:53Z","timestamp":1687641773000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["3D Bioprinting in Microgravity: Opportunities, Challenges, and Possible Applications in Space"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Angelique","family":"Van Ombergen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SciSpacE Team Directorate of Human and Robotic Exploration Programmes (HRE) European Space Agency (ESA)  Keplerlaan 1 Noordwijk 2201AG The Netherlands"},{"name":"ESA Topical Team on \u201c3D Bioprinting of living tissue for utilization in space exploration and extraterrestrial human settlements\u201d  01307 Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Chalupa\u2010Gantner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group 3D Printing and Biofabrication Institute of Materials Science and Technology Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration TU Wien  Getreidemarkt 9\/E308 Vienna 1060 Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parth","family":"Chansoria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory Department of Health Sciences and Technology  ETH Zurich Otto\u2010Stern\u2010Weg 7 Z\u00fcrich 8093 Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca Maria","family":"Colosimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ESA Topical Team on \u201c3D Bioprinting of living tissue for utilization in space exploration and extraterrestrial human settlements\u201d  01307 Dresden Germany"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Politecnico di Milano  Via La Masa 1 Milano 20156 Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Costantini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences  Ul. 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