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The acellular matrix graft currently used in the clinics is mono\u2010functional and may cause a series of complications including stricture, fibrosis, and stone formation. As a result, such graft materials cannot meet the increasing demand for multifunctionality in the field of urethral tissue engineering. In this context, a multifunctional urethral patch is designed for the repair of urethral defects by mixing protocatechualdehyde (PCA) with small intestinal submucosa (SIS) under an alkalin condition to allow cross linking. As shown, the PCA\/SIS patch possesses excellent biocompatibility, antioxidant activity, and anti\u2010inflammatory property. More importantly, this patch can remarkably promote the adhesion, proliferation, and directional extension of rabbit bladder epithelial mucous cells (R\u2010EMCs) as well as rabbit bladder smooth muscle cells (R\u2010SMCs), and upregulate the expression of cytokeratin in the EMCs and contractile protein in the SMCs in vitro. In vivo experiments also confirm that the PCA\/SIS patch can significantly enhance scarless repair of urethral defects in rabbits by facilitating smooth muscle regeneration, reducing excessive collagen deposition, and accelerating re\u2010epithelialization and neovascularization. Taken together, the newly developed multifunctional PCA\/SIS patch provides\u00a0a promising candidate for urethral regeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202300519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T01:31:45Z","timestamp":1681695105000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A Modified Small Intestinal Submucosa Patch with Multifunction to Promote Scarless Repair and Reinvigoration of Urethra"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Li\u2010Ping","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian\u2010Jin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen\u2010Qian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen\u2010Yu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long\u2010Mei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0760-0853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui\u2010Qi","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202109522"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-021-02292-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2014.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-017-0500-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","first-page":"82","author":"Damaser M. 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