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Biomaterial therapies have been widely investigated in SCI to promote directional regeneration but are often limited by their pre\u2010constructed size and shape. Herein, the design parameters of microporous annealed particles (MAPs) are investigated with tubular geometries that conform to the injury and direct axons across the defect to support functional recovery. MAP tubes prepared from 20\u2010, 40\u2010, and 60\u2010micron polyethylene glycol (PEG) beads are generated and implanted in a T9\u201010 murine hemisection model of SCI. Tubes attenuate glial and fibrotic scarring, increase innate immune cell density, and reduce inflammatory phenotypes in a bead size\u2010dependent manner. Tubes composed of 60\u2010micron beads increase the cell density of the chronic macrophage response, while neutrophil infiltration and phenotypes do not deviate from those seen in controls. At 8 weeks postinjury, implantation of tubes composed of 60\u2010micron beads results in enhanced locomotor function, robust axonal ingrowth, and remyelination through both lumens and the inter\u2010tube space. Collectively, these studies demonstrate the importance of bead size in MAP construction and highlight PEG tubes as a biomaterial therapy to promote regeneration and functional recovery in SCI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202302498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T08:43:11Z","timestamp":1695890591000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Building\u2010Block Size Mediates Microporous Annealed Particle Hydrogel Tube Microenvironment Following Spinal Cord Injury"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5574-0617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian C.","family":"Ross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan  2200 Bonisteel Blvd Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Robert 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University of Michigan  2200 Bonisteel Blvd Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8203-8891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aileen J.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders University of California  Biological Sciences III, 2642 Irvine CA 92697 USA"},{"name":"Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center University of California  845 Health Sciences Rd Irvine CA 92697 USA"},{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation University of California  18124 Culver Dr # F Irvine CA 92612 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3628-5290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian J.","family":"Cummings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders University of California  Biological Sciences III, 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