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However, most empiric therapies focus on the efficacy of pathogen elimination but do not sufficiently consider the viability of <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>. Herein, cotton fibers with a lactic acid\u2010like surface (LC) are fabricated by NaIO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> oxidation and <jats:sc>L<\/jats:sc>\u2010isoserine grafting. The lactic acid analog chain ends and imine structure of LC can penetrate cell walls to cause protein cleavage in <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic> and inhibit vaginal pathogens. Meanwhile, the viability of <jats:italic>Lactobacillus acidophilus<\/jats:italic> is unaffected by the LC treatment, thus revealing a selective way to suppress pathogens as well as provide a positive route to re\u2010establish protective microbiota in the vaginal tract. Moreover, LC has excellent properties such as good biosafety, antiadhesion, water absorption, and weight retention. The strategy proposed here not only is practical, but also provides insights into the treatment of vaginal infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202302736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]],"date-time":"2023-12-08T00:54:24Z","timestamp":1701996864000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cotton Fibers with a Lactic Acid\u2010Like Surface for Re\u2010establishment of Protective <i>Lactobacillus<\/i> Microbiota by Selectively Inhibiting Vaginal Pathogens"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6508-1927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuzheng","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong Kong  Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong 999077 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