{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T05:43:32Z","timestamp":1768283012680,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002701","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022R1A6A3A13053502"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1A6A3A13053502"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002701","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003625","name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HI23C0392"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI23C0392"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003625","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020R1A2C2101964"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1A2C2101964"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022M3E5F1081330"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022M3E5F1081330"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014364","name":"Samsung Science and Technology Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SRFC\u2010MA1502\u201053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SRFC\u2010MA1502\u201053"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014364","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Adv Healthcare Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The decreasing efficacy of antiviral drugs due to viral mutations highlights the challenge of developing a single agent targeting multiple strains. Using host cell viral receptors as competitive inhibitors is promising, but their low potency and membrane\u2010bound nature have limited this strategy. In this study, the authors show that angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in a planar membrane patch can effectively neutralize all tested severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) variants that emerged during the COVID\u201019 pandemic. The ACE2\u2010incorporated membrane patch implemented using nanodiscs replicated the spike\u2010mediated membrane fusion process outside the host cell, resulting in virus lysis, extracellular RNA release, and potent antiviral activity. While neutralizing antibodies became ineffective as the SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 evolved to better penetrate host cells the ACE2\u2010incorporated nanodiscs became more potent, highlighting the advantages of using receptor\u2010incorporated nanodiscs for antiviral purposes. ACE2\u2010incorporated immunodisc, an Fc fusion nanodisc developed in this study, completely protected humanized mice infected with SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 after prolonged retention in the airways. This study demonstrates that the incorporation of viral receptors into immunodisc transforms the entry gate into a potent virucide for all current and future variants, a concept that can be extended to different viruses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202302803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T09:58:36Z","timestamp":1707386316000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Conversion of Host Cell Receptor into Virus Destructor by Immunodisc to Neutralize Diverse SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Variants"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jaehyeon","family":"Hwang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biotechnology Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beom Kyu","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute Chungbuk National University  Cheongju 28644 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seokoh","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biotechnology Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wonbeom","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biotechnology Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyeong Won","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biotechnology Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeong Hyeon","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biotechnology Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyunseok","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biotechnology Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Research Center Mvrix Inc.  Anyang 14058 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sangwon","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center Mvrix Inc.  Anyang 14058 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youngseo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biotechnology Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suhyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biotechnology Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Misoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biotechnology Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soomin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biotechnology Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Younghun","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biotechnology Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Myungseo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biotechnology Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun\u2010Ho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Science and Technology Ajou University  Suwon 16499 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang Taek","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences Graduate School Korea University  Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang Jick","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology  Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong\u2010Sung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Science and Technology Ajou University  Suwon 16499 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Woo\u2010Jae","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biotechnology Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min\u2010Suk","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute Chungbuk National University  Cheongju 28644 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8758-6125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dae\u2010Hyuk","family":"Kweon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biotechnology Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Research Center Mvrix Inc.  Anyang 14058 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2035002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2107934"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2102685"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04594-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2022.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01678-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.12.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.12.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2018.06.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20587384211002621"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc0870"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2016093117"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-00438-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-91809-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41594-020-00549-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.103670"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20200163"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-020-0430-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20200623"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2021.105197"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abn7737"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-021-00965-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24013-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-013-0072-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.12231"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-89957-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01283-20"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2022.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","first-page":"7","author":"Casciola\u2010Rosen L.","year":"2022","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-017-1823-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02638-2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01125-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5b07522"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030237"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2380-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd0827"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd0831"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2349-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00733-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2120219"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-022-00495-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16048-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-021-00302-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04474-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2017.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81404-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43556-020-00014-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat5053"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/095632029600700401"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61086-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0707957"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00102-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9084(01)01290-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.80.10.4740-4747.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aax9318"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202216109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-022-00656-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adi2623"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.626553"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1884"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-022-03094-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(23)00011-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15406\/jlprr.2021.08.00251"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28805"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181c03009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-017-1882-z","volume":"21","author":"Zhang H.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu171"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.025687"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2022.879817"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-08138-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202101516"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c06364"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102587"}],"container-title":["Advanced Healthcare Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/adhm.202302803","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T18:24:36Z","timestamp":1759775076000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/adhm.202302803"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/adhm.202302803"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adhm.202302803","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2192-2640","2192-2659"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2192-2640","type":"print"},{"value":"2192-2659","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-09-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-02-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2302803"}}