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However, its effectiveness is limited due to its low bioavailability, poor water solubility, and insufficient targeting abilities. Herein, novel nanoparticles are generated from the natural silk fibroin, which are used to load ICA. The efficient drug delivery system (ICA\u2010SNPs) result in significantly focused drug distribution to spermatogonium, enhancing the anti\u2010infertility properties of ICA, and can effectively mitigate spermatogenesis dysfunction induced by BPA, control serum sex hormone levels, and enhance testicular ultrastructure. Additionally, the ICA\u2010SNPs restore spermatogenesis dysfunction primarily via the hormone biosynthesis, spermatogonium meiosis process, and glycerophospholipid metabolism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202302899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T20:14:54Z","timestamp":1699474494000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Silk Fibroin Encapsulated Icariin Nanoparticles Mitigate Bisphenol A\u2010Induced Spermatogenesis Dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5256-1991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunyan","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Chengdu 610072 China"},{"name":"Tea Research Institute Tea Refining and Innovation Key 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