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Poly(polyol sebacate) (PPS) polymers are developed as promising materials for biomedical applications due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, elastomeric properties, and ease of production. However, the application of PPS\u2010based biomaterials in nerve tissue engineering, especially in PNI repair, is limited. In this study, PPS\u2010based composite nanofibers poly(l\u2010lactic acid)\u2010poly(polycaprolactone triol\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>co<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010sebacic acid\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>co<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010N,N\u2010bis(2\u2010hydroxyethyl)\u20102\u2010aminoethanesulfonic acid sodium salt) (PLLA\u2010PPSB) are aimed to construct through electrospinning and assess their in vitro biocompatibility with Schwann cells (SCs) and in vivo repair capabilities for peripheral nerve defects. For the first time, the biocompatibility and bioactivity of PPS\u2010based nanomaterial are examined at the molecular, cellular, and animal levels for PNI repair. Electrospun PLLA\u2010PPSB nanofibers display favorable physicochemical properties and biocompatibility, providing an effective interface for the proliferation, glial expression, and adhesion of SCs in vitro. In vivo experiments using a 10\u2010mm rat sciatic nerve defect model show that PLLA\u2010PPSB nanofiber nerve conduits enhance myelin formation, axonal regeneration, angiogenesis, and functional recovery. Transcriptome analysis and biological validation indicate that PLLA\u2010PPSB nanofibers may promote SC proliferation by activating the PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway. This suggests the promising potential of PLLA\u2010PPSB nanomaterial for PNI repair.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202303539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T22:37:20Z","timestamp":1705531040000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Electrospun Composite PLLA\u2010PPSB Nanofiber Nerve Conduits for Peripheral Nerve Defects Repair and Regeneration"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9068-6813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuan","family":"Dai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Huashan Hospital Fudan University  Shanghai 200040 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingwei","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics Department of Oral and 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