{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T01:34:14Z","timestamp":1789522454144,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,6]],"date-time":"2024-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22073075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22073075"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Adv Healthcare Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The problem of antibiotic resistance seriously affects the treatment of bacterial infections, so there is an urgent need to develop novel antibiotic\u2010independent antimicrobial strategies. Herein, a urease\u2010driven bowl\u2010like mesoporous polydopamine nanorobot (MPDA@ICG@Ur@Man) based on single\u2010wavelength near\u2010infrared (NIR) remote photothermal acceleration to achieve antibiotic\u2010free phototherapy(photothermal therapy, PTT, plus photodynamic therapy, PDT) is first reported. The smart nanorobots can perform active movement by decomposing urea to produce carbon dioxide and ammonia. Particularly, the elevated local temperature during PTT can increase urease activity to enhance the autonomous movement and thus increase the contact between the antimicrobial substance and bacteria. Compared with a nanomotor propelled by urea only, the diffusion coefficient (\n                    <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>e<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) of photothermal\u2010accelerated nanorobots is increased from 1.10 to 1.26 \u00b5m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    s\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    . More importantly, urease\u2010driven bowl\u2010like nanorobots with photothermal enhancement can specifically identify\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and achieve simultaneous PTT\/PDT at a single wavelength with 99% antibactericidal activity in vitro. In a word, the urease\u2010driven bowl\u2010like nanorobots guided by photothermal\u2010accelerated strategy could provide a novel perspective for increasing PTT\/PDT antibacterial therapeutic efficacy and be promising for various antibiotic\u2010free sterilization applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202304086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,23]],"date-time":"2024-03-23T05:00:11Z","timestamp":1711170011000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Thermal\u2010Accelerated Urease\u2010Driven Bowl\u2010Like Polydopamine Nanorobot for Targeted Photothermal\/Photodynamic Antibiotic\u2010Free Antibacterial Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry &amp; Pharmacy Northwest A&amp;F University  Yangling Shaanxi 712100 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry &amp; Pharmacy Northwest A&amp;F University  Yangling Shaanxi 712100 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry &amp; Pharmacy Northwest A&amp;F University  Yangling Shaanxi 712100 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenglong","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry &amp; Pharmacy Northwest A&amp;F University  Yangling Shaanxi 712100 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry &amp; Pharmacy Northwest A&amp;F University  Yangling Shaanxi 712100 P. R. 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