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Studies have shown that conductive biomaterials can restore cardiac conduction, but cannot facilitate tissue regeneration. This study aims to add regenerative capabilities to the conductive biomaterial by incorporating human endometrial mesenchymal stem cell (hEMSC)\u2010derived exosomes (hEMSC\u2010Exo) into poly\u2010pyrrole\u2010chitosan (PPY\u2010CHI), to yield an injectable hydrogel that can effectively treat MI. In vitro, PPY\u2010CHI\/hEMSC\u2010Exo, compared to untreated controls, PPY\u2010CHI, or hEMSC\u2010Exo alone, alleviates H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010induced apoptosis and promotes tubule formation, while in vivo, PPY\u2010CHI\/hEMSC\u2010Exo improves post\u2010MI cardiac functioning, along with counteracting against ventricular remodeling and fibrosis. All these activities are facilitated via increased epidermal growth factor (EGF)\/phosphoinositide 3\u2010kinase (PI3K)\/AKT signaling. Furthermore, the conductive properties of PPY\u2010CHI\/hEMSC\u2010Exo are able to resynchronize cardiac electrical transmission to alleviate arrythmia. Overall, PPY\u2010CHI\/hEMSC\u2010Exo synergistically combines the cardiac regenerative capabilities of hEMSC\u2010Exo with the conductive properties of PPY\u2010CHI to improve cardiac functioning, via promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting apoptosis, as well as resynchronizing electrical conduction, to ultimately enable more effective MI treatment. Therefore, incorporating exosomes into a conductive hydrogel provides dual benefits in terms of maintaining conductivity, along with facilitating long\u2010term exosome release and sustained application of their beneficial effects.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202304207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T09:54:35Z","timestamp":1704362075000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["A Novel Conductive Polypyrrole\u2010Chitosan Hydrogel Containing Human Endometrial Mesenchymal Stem Cell\u2010Derived Exosomes Facilitated Sustained Release for Cardiac Repair"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7693-2461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changping","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Department of Biochemistry and 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