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Droplet microfluidics offers a\u00a0powerful platform that allows deterministic single\u2010cell encapsulation into aqueous droplets, yet the direct encapsulation of cells into microgels remains challenging. Here, the design of a microfluidic device that is capable of single\u2010cell encapsulation within\u00a0polyethylene glycol norbornene (PEGNB) hydrogels\u00a0on\u2010chip is reported. Cells\u00a0are first ordered in media within a straight microchannel\u00a0via\u00a0inertial focusing, followed by the introduction of PEGNB solution from two separate, converging channels. Droplets are thoroughly mixed by passage through a serpentine channel, and microgels are formed by photo\u2010photopolymerization. This platform uniquely enables both single\u2010cell encapsulation and excellent cell viability post\u2010photo\u2010polymerization. More than 90% of singly encapsulated mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) remain alive for 7 days. Notably, singly encapsulated MSCs have elevated expression levels in genes that code anti\u2010inflammatory cytokines, for example, IL\u201010 and TGF\u2010\u03b2, thus enhancing the secretion of proteins of interest.\u00a0Following injection into a mouse model with induced inflammation, singly encapsulated MSCs show a strong retention rate\u00a0in vivo,\u00a0reduce overall inflammation, and mitigate liver damage. These translational results indicate that deterministic single\u2010cell encapsulation could find use in a broad spectrum of tissue engineering\u00a0applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202304386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]],"date-time":"2024-02-19T19:10:25Z","timestamp":1708369825000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Deterministic Single\u2010Cell Encapsulation in PEG Norbornene Microgels for Promoting Anti\u2010Inflammatory Response and Therapeutic Delivery of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Hangjun","family":"Si","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering University of Science and Technology Liaoning  Anshan Liaoning 46000 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