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Here, iron\u2010based metal\u2013organic framework (MIL\u2010101)\u2010loaded riboflavin nanoparticles are designed for the therapeutic challenge of biofilm infection and hyperinflammation in bacterial keratitis. Specifically, MIL\u2010101 produces a thermal effect under exogenous near\u2010infrared light irradiation, which synergizes with ferroptosis\u2010like bacterial death induced by iron ions to exert an effective biofilm infection eradication effect. On the other hand, the disintegration of MIL\u2010101 sustains the release of riboflavin, which inhibits the pro\u2010inflammatory response of macrophage over\u2010activation by modulating their phenotypic switch. In addition, to solve the problems of short residence time, poor permeability, and low bioavailability of corneal medication, the MR@MN microneedle patch is further prepared by loading nanoparticles into SilMA hydrogel, which ultimately achieves painless, transepithelial, and highly efficient drug delivery. In vivo and ex vivo experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach in eliminating bacterial infection and promoting corneal healing. Therefore, the MRMN patch, acting as an ocular drug delivery system with the ability of rapid corneal healing, promises a cost\u2010effective solution for the treatment of bacterial keratitis, which may also lead to a new approach for treating bacterial keratitis in clinics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202304448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T08:24:20Z","timestamp":1721118260000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Photothermal Iron\u2010Based Riboflavin Microneedles for the Treatment of Bacterial Keratitis via Ion Therapy and Immunomodulation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Shanghai Aier Eye Hospital  Shanghai P. R. 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