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Herein, it has designed an artificial nitric oxide (NO) nanotractor with a unique \u201cmotor\u2010cargo\u201d structure, where a photoswitching upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) core serves as the optical engine to harvest NIR light and asymmetrically coated mesoporous silica (SiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) shell acts as a cargo unit to load nitric oxide (NO) fuel molecule (RBS, Roussin's black salt) and PDT photosensitizer (ZnPc, zinc phthalocyanine). Upon illumination by 980\u00a0nm light, the UCNP emits blue light to excite RBS salt and release NO gas. On one hand, NO is used as the driving force to propel the particle with a high speed of \u2248194\u00a0\u00b5m\u00a0s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> that generates significant rupture stress (over 0.95\u00a0kPa) on cell membrane to promote cellular endocytosis and intratumoral penetration. On the other hand, NO enables to alleviate tumor hypoxia by inhibiting cellular respiration as an oxygen conserver. When the excitation is subsequently switched to 808\u00a0nm light, the UCNP emits red light, triggering ZnPc to produce large amount of reactive oxygen species for PDT treatment. This study explores Janus\u2010typed nanostructures for cell\u2010particle interaction and gas\u2010assisted phototherapy, opening avenues for versatile bioapplications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202402063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]],"date-time":"2024-10-09T02:59:58Z","timestamp":1728442798000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Motor\u2010Cargo Structured Nanotractors for Augmented NIR Phototherapy via Gas\u2010Boosted Tumor Penetration and Respiration\u2010Impaired Mitochondrial Dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University  Shanghai 200444 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Medicine Jinan University  Guangzhou 510632 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huadong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University  Shanghai 200444 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University  Shanghai 200444 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinliang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University  Shanghai 200444 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailong","family":"Che","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University  Shanghai 200444 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR 999077 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2815-5197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University  Shanghai 200444 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.5b00148"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202202051"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2020.100960"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201804882"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6b08731"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","volume":"34","author":"Yang M. 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