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Nevertheless, the resultant local inflammation attracts a significant influx of aberrant immune cells and fibroblasts, such as tumor\u2010associated macrophages (TAMs) and cancer\u2010associated fibroblasts (CAFs), following tumor PTT. This phenomenon exacerbates immune evasion and the persistence of residual tumor cells, culminating in tumor recurrence and advancement. To tackle this challenge, a combined therapeutic approach utilizing multifunctional ICG\u2010SB@Lip\u2010ZA nanosystem has been introduced. Indocyanine green (ICG) as a photothermal\u2010transducer ablated tumor cells, zoledronic acid (ZA) depletes TAMs recruited by the inflammatory tumor microenvironment (mostly M2\u2010like phenotype), SB\u2010505124 affects CAFs proliferation in the tumor microenvironment (TME) by inhibiting the transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b2 \uff08TGF\u2010\u03b2\uff09 pathway, thereby removing physical barriers to T cell infiltration. In a breast cancer model, these immunomodulatory nanoliposomes markedly decrease the population of M2\u2010like TAMs in the TME, eliminate physical barriers hindering T cell infiltration, reshape the inflammatory immune\u2010suppressive tumor microenvironment, eventually leading to a rate of tumor eradication of 94%. This multifunctional ICG\u2010SB@Lip\u2010ZA nanosystem (including photothermal conversion, TAM depletion, and TGF\u2010\u03b2 pathway blockade) offers a promising strategy for mitigating the deteriorating tumor microenvironment following PTT and presents a more efficient approach for clinical photothermal\u2010immune combination therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202402211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T06:06:57Z","timestamp":1729663617000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Multifunctional ICG\u2010SB@Lip\u2010ZA Nanosystem Focuses on Remodeling the Inflammatory\u2010Immunosuppressive Microenvironment After Photothermal Therapy to Potentiate Cancer Photothermal Immunotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ultrasound the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing 400010 P. 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