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In vitro spermatogenesis (IVS) aims to generate sperm from banked prepubertal testicular tissues in a lab setting using specialized culture conditions. While successful using rodent tissues, progress with human tissues is limited by the scarcity of human prepubertal testicular tissues for research. This study posits that human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can model human prepubertal testicular tissue to facilitate the development of human IVS conditions. Testicular cells derived from hiPSCs are characterized for phenotype markers and profiled transcriptionally. HiPSC\u2010derived testicular cells are bioprinted into core\u2013shell constructs representative of testis cytoarchitecture and found to capture functional aspects of prepubertal testicular tissues within 7 days under xeno\u2010free conditions. Moreover, hiPSC\u2010derived Sertoli cells illustrate the capacity to mature under pubertal\u2010like conditions. 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The model reveals a significant gain in activity under microsphere\u2010released RA compared to RA medium supplementation, indicating that the fragility of free RA in vitro may be a contributing factor to the molecular dysfunction observed in human IVS studies to date.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202402606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,16]],"date-time":"2025-02-16T11:23:51Z","timestamp":1739705031000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["3D Bioprinted Coaxial Testis Model Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells:A Step Toward Bicompartmental Cytoarchitecture and Functionalization"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Meghan A","family":"Robinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vancouver Prostate Centre  Vancouver British Columbia V6H 3Z6 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia 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