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Herein, a smart second near\u2010infrared window (NIR\u2010II) molecule (\n                    <jats:bold>BITX\u2010OH<\/jats:bold>\n                    ) is rationally designed for diagnosis and therapy by vinyl\u2010bridging hydroxyl diphenyl xanthine unit and benzo[cd]indolium skeleton.\n                    <jats:bold>BITX\u2010OH<\/jats:bold>\n                    exhibits high selectivity and sensitivity toward viscosity, exhibiting a significant enhancement (1167\u2010fold) in NIR\u2010II fluorescence at 962\u00a0nm. With the assistance of\n                    <jats:bold>BITX\u2010OH<\/jats:bold>\n                    and NIR\u2010II fluorescence imaging, early diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation of non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), as well as in\u2010site real\u2010time monitoring of hepatic fibrosis (HF) in live mice have been successfully achieved, which is at least several hours earlier than the typical clinical test. Notably,\n                    <jats:bold>BITX\u2010OH<\/jats:bold>\n                    displays excellent photothermal conversion efficiency when exposed to an 808\u00a0nm laser, which can induce tumor ablation and increase viscosity, thereby enhancing NIR\u2010II fluorescence for the real\u2010time evaluation of photothermal therapy (PTT). This viscosity\u2010based \u201cself\u2010monitoring\u201d strategy provides a convenient and reliable platform for timely obtaining therapeutic feedback to avoid over\u2010 or under\u2010treatment, thus enabling personalized precision therapy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202402614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T05:52:07Z","timestamp":1729662727000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Early Diagnosis of Liver Injury and Real\u2010Time Evaluation of Photothermal Therapy Efficacy with a Viscosity\u2010Responsive NIR\u2010II Smart Molecule"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Qi","family":"Zan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institute of Environmental Science Shanxi University  Taiyuan 030006 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