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Cell\u2010derived exosomes, which have anti\u2010inflammatory effects, are emerging as a treatment for TMJOA. Injection of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), which secrete exosomes, can moderate tissue damage in a rat model of TMJOA. However, injected exosomes are quickly cleared, necessitating repeated injections for therapeutic efficacy. Here, vinyl sulfone\u2010modified hyaluronic acid (HA\u2010VS) hydrogels, suitable for encapsulating exosomes are formulated. HA\u2010VS hydrogels degrade in the presence of hyaluronidase and allow for the release of beads of similar size to exosomes over 3 to 6 days. In a rat model of TMJOA, injection of exosomes or exosomes within HA\u2010VS hydrogels significantly attenuated damage\u2010mediated subchondral bone loss as determined by micro\u2010computed tomography, and reduced inflammatory and tissue damage scores as assessed by histology. Overall, DPSCs\u2010derived exosomes attenuated joint damage, but treatment with exosomes within HA\u2010VS hydrogels shows additional protective effects on subchondral bone maintenance and integrity. These findings confirm the protective effects of DPSCs\u2010derived exosomes in moderating tissue damage in TMJOA and suggest that combining exosomes with HA hydrogels can further promote their therapeutic effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202402923","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T06:42:42Z","timestamp":1734936162000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Controlled Release of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cell\u2010Derived Exosomes from Hydrogels Attenuates Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Victor","family":"Diez\u2010Guardia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology King's College London  London SE1 9RT 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