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However, proper techniques for its quantitative analysis are lacking, making it challenging to develop novel antimicrobial and anti\u2010fouling surfaces to reduce pathogen spread via environmental surfaces. This study demonstrates a gelatin hydrogel\u2010based touch transfer test, the HydroTouch test, to evaluate pathogen transmission on high\u2010touch surfaces under semi\u2010dry conditions. The HydroTouch test employs gelatin as a finger mimetic, facilitating testing with pathogenic bacteria under controlled conditions. The thermoresponsive sol\u2013gel transition of gelatin allows easy recovery and quantification of bacteria before and after testing. The HydroTouch test demonstrates that methicillin\u2010resistant <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> has a high transmission efficiency of \u224816% onto stainless steel, compared to &lt;3% for <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>. Polyurethane surfaces exhibit strong resistance to bacterial contamination with a transmission efficiency of \u22480.6%, while polytetrafluoroethylene shows a transmission efficiency approximately four times higher than polyurethane. Additionally, quaternary ammonium\u2010based antimicrobial coatings reduce the transmission efficiency of live bacteria on stainless steel to \u22484% of the original level. The HydroTouch test provides a reliable method for assessing pathogen transmission on various surfaces under semi\u2010dry settings, supporting the development of effective antimicrobial, anti\u2010transmission coatings to reduce healthcare\u2010associated infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202403790","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T23:14:45Z","timestamp":1736982885000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Quantitative Assessment of Microbial Transmission onto Environmental Surfaces Using Thermoresponsive Gelatin Hydrogels as a Finger Mimetic under In Situ\u2010Mimicking Conditions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2647-8729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Biointerfaces Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials and Technology  Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 St. Gallen 9014 Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luzia","family":"Wiesli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Biointerfaces Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials and Technology  Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 St. Gallen 9014 Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Schreiber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biodeterioration and Reference Organisms (4.1) Department of Materials and the Environment Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM)  Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Ivask","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology University of Tartu  Riia 23 Tartu 51010 Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qun","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Biointerfaces Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials and Technology  Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 St. Gallen 9014 Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/670223"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6701(07)60015-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(91)90366-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/660363"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.10.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/669092"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2010.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/applmicrobiol3010012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031162"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","unstructured":"ISO 22196:2011 Measurement of antibacterial activity on plastics and other non\u2010porous surfaces 2011 https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/54431.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"ISO 7581:2023 Evaluation of bactericidal activity of a non\u2010porous antimicrobial surface used in a dry environment 2023 https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/83386.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01030-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2013.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2019.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsmc\/xtad022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2015.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-85995-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c21476"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01599-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2017.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9783527610969.ch2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10529-015-1907-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12387"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.12682"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9797(68)90306-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","volume":"11","author":"Campos M. 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