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However, weak bonding interactions between constituent microgels compromise the mechanical integrity of these biomaterials, limiting their scope and effectiveness for in vivo applications where structural support is required. To address this challenge, we introduce a new bioinspired stabilization method and a novel class of regenerative biomaterial:\n                    <jats:italic>coagulative granular hydrogels<\/jats:italic>\n                    , assembled from thrombin\u2010functionalized gelatin methacryloyl microgels. The surface\u2010bound thrombin is enzymatically active and catalyzes the conversion of fibrinogen into a fibrin hydrogel that extends throughout the interstitial voids of the granular hydrogel. This secondary network acts as a biological glue to stabilize the granular hydrogel, yielding shear and compressive properties comparable to bulk hydrogel controls. Furthermore, the interstitial fibrin network provides a favorable microenvironment for the adhesion, proliferation, and invasion of endothelial cells, highlighting the potential of the biomaterial to support endogenous tissue repair. Subcutaneous injection in mice showed that the coagulative granular hydrogels\u00a0preserved structural integrity and supported fibrin deposition, cell infiltration, and collagen remodeling in vivo. Future work will adapt this technology to other biomaterials and validate its performance for different tissue repair applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202404146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T05:45:04Z","timestamp":1766382304000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Coagulative Granular Hydrogels with an Enzyme Catalyzed Fibrin Network for Endogenous Tissue Regeneration"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Zhipeng","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School University of Bristol Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila B.","family":"Tovani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Chimie De La Mati\u00e8re Condens\u00e9e De Paris Sorbonne Universit\u00e9 Coll\u00e8ge de France  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Bianco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianni","family":"Comandini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Composites Institute School of Civil Aerospace and Design Engineering (CADE) University of Bristol  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aya","family":"Elghajiji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School University of Bristol Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mina","family":"Aleemardani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School University of Bristol Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roxana","family":"Moscalu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blond McIndoe Laboratories, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences Manchester Academic Health Science Centre University of Manchester Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremie","family":"Zappia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physiology Pharmacology and Neuroscience University of Bristol  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physiology Pharmacology and Neuroscience University of Bristol  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Annett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physiology Pharmacology and Neuroscience University of Bristol  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chrissy L.","family":"Hammond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physiology Pharmacology and Neuroscience University of Bristol  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blond McIndoe Laboratories, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences Manchester Academic Health Science Centre University of Manchester Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dave J.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Scarpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Composites Institute School of Civil Aerospace and Design Engineering (CADE) University of Bristol  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Whitehouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Research Unit University of Bristol  Bristol UK"},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annela M.","family":"Seddon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics HH Wills Physics Laboratory University of Bristol  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0599-0643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James P. 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