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However, the development of CDs with multi\u2010enzyme activities remains a challenge due to the inherent complexity of incorporating multiple catalytic functions into a single nanostructure. Here, the synthesis of multi\u2010enzyme active CDs are successfully demonstrated via a hydrothermal process utilizing hemin chloride and urea as precursors. Detailed structural and theoretical investigations reveal that the CDs possess a highly graphitized \u03c0\u2010electron system and single\u2010atom iron centers arranged in a monodisperse, four\u2010coordinate configuration with nitrogen atoms. This distinctive structural configuration imparts CDs with multiple enzyme\u2010like activities, including superoxide dismutase and catalase, which contribute to the efficient scavenging of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, encapsulating these CDs within macrophage membranes enables selective targeting of inflammatory sites and circumvention of immune clearance in a collagen\u2010induced arthritis rat model, offering a targeted and effective antioxidant therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202500207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T04:16:03Z","timestamp":1747628163000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Bioinspired Carbon Dots with Multi\u2010Enzyme Activity, Single\u2010Atom Catalytic, High Efficiency ROS Scavenging and Antioxidant Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Qian","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Shanxi Bethune Hospital Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences Tongji Shanxi Hospital  Longcheng Street No. 99 Taiyuan 030032 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruijiao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Shanxi Bethune Hospital Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences Tongji Shanxi Hospital  Longcheng Street No. 99 Taiyuan 030032 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiawen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University  Qianjin Street No. 2699 Changchun 130012 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zewen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Shanxi Bethune Hospital Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences Tongji Shanxi Hospital  Longcheng Street No. 99 Taiyuan 030032 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University  Qianjin Street No. 2699 Changchun 130012 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0423-925X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University  Qianjin Street No. 2699 Changchun 130012 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liyun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Shanxi Bethune Hospital Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences Tongji Shanxi Hospital  Longcheng Street No. 99 Taiyuan 030032 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2021.03.078"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02810-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2023.101768"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-35828-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201905645"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202302463"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202205324"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_3","author":"Yu Y.","journal-title":"Angew. 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