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Metal\u2010based nanomaterials (MNMs), with diverse antibacterial mechanisms (e.g., membrane disruption, oxidative stress) and evolution from empirical to theory\u2010guided design, exhibit immense potential. This review introduces the pioneering\n                    <jats:italic>Hierarchical Response Strategy Framework<\/jats:italic>\n                    , systematically classifying MNM therapeutic systems into three progressive levels:\n                    <jats:italic>Primary<\/jats:italic>\n                    category, comprising MNMs that exert spontaneous antibacterial effects based on inherent physicochemical properties (e.g., ion release);\n                    <jats:italic>Secondary<\/jats:italic>\n                    category, including MNMs with precisely controlled antibacterial actions by microenvironmental or stimulus\u2010responsive mechanisms (e.g., light\u2010induced ROS); and\n                    <jats:italic>Tertiary<\/jats:italic>\n                    category, encompassing MNMs that integrate antibacterial and regenerative functions for multidimensional therapy (e.g., remineralization). Through this framework, the authors elucidate MNMs\u2019 transition from single\u2010function to precision\u2010controlled, multifunctional synergy, analyze the impact of metal elements and structural design on efficacy, and summarize their applications in dental caries, endodontic infections, and periodontal disease, etc. This framework offers a novel perspective on existing research and a theoretical foundation for the rational design of next\u2010generation precise, smart, and comprehensive anti\u2010infective materials.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202500416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T08:17:00Z","timestamp":1748333820000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Advances of Metal\u2010Based Nanomaterials in the Prevention and Treatment of Oral 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