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Implants are coated with polymer films containing scintillators and pH indicator dyes that together generate a pH\u2010dependent luminescence when irradiated by X\u2010rays. A focused X\u2010ray beam provides high spatial resolution, while the pH indicator provides chemical sensitivity. A live rabbit pH\u2010imaging study on a scintillator\u2010coated implanted titanium plate evaluates the sensor performance with and without <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> infection and biocompatibility through long\u2010term histological examinations. 5000\u00a0cfu are sufficient to cause infection without fatality. XELCI images clearly shows dye and reference regions in live rabbits; no leaching is evident in titanium plates coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel up to 10 days, although dye leached fromvinyl\u2010PEG film\u2010coated implants. No toxicity is evident, and pH sensors remained stable after up to 3 months postimplantation. In these preliminary studies, acidosis is not observed in either infected or control legs in vivo or postmortem. The results demonstrate the feasibility of imaging pH and provide insights for optimizing the sensor and the imaging modality for subsequent studies on pH changes on implants during infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202501215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T04:50:36Z","timestamp":1753937436000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Toward Noninvasively Imaging pH at the Surface of Implanted Orthopedic Devices in Live Rabbits Using X\u2010ray Excited Luminescence Chemical Imaging"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8249-8791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Unaiza","family":"Uzair","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Clemson University  Clemson SC 29634 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fenglin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Clemson University  Clemson SC 29634 USA"},{"name":"Current Address: State Key Laboratory of Chemo and Biosensing College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald","family":"Benza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Clemson University  Clemson SC 29634 USA"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Clemson University  Clemson SC 29634 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yash S.","family":"Raval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Clemson University  Clemson SC 29634 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3477-9230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sriparna","family":"Bhattacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics &amp; Astronomy Clemson Nanomaterials Institute Clemson University  Clemson SC 29634 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1835-9639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tzuen\u2010Rong J.","family":"Tzeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Clemson University  Clemson SC 29634 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9544-2367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey N.","family":"Anker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Clemson University  Clemson SC 29634 USA"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering Clemson University  Clemson SC 29634 USA"},{"name":"Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technology (COMSET) Clemson University  Clemson SC 29634 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-018-0930-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2020.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.4414\/smw.2005.10934","volume":"135","author":"Trampuz A.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Swiss Med. 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