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A mismatch in compliance between graft and host vessel has been identified as a major contributor to the development of IH. Here, we propose a design strategy to fabricate polymeric small\u2010diameter vascular graft scaffolds with programmable compliance based on a helical microfiber architecture via melt electrowriting (MEW). By controlling the fiber winding angle, this design strategy exploits, for the first time, the mechanical structure\u2010function relationship of MEW scaffolds to enable tailored compliance covering the physiological range of arteries and veins. This concept is complemented by an integrated microporous MEW graft wall, potentially enabling in situ tissue engineering to combine the advantages of synthetic (off\u2010the\u2010shelf) and autologous (living) grafts. Leveraging this, a gradient is introduced in the fiber architecture to achieve arteriovenous grafts matching the compliance of the target vessels at their ends (arterial vs. venous compliance) with a continuous smooth transitional region in between. The potential for clinical translation is demonstrated in vitro by assessing suture\u2010retention strength, anti\u2010kinking properties, burst pressure, and cannulation behavior.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202502038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T07:36:55Z","timestamp":1757662615000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Programmable Compliance in Small\u2010Diameter Vascular Grafts by Design of Melt\u2010Electrowritten Scaffold Architectures for In Situ Tissue Engineering"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0141-2467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kilian Maria Arthur","family":"Mueller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Medical Materials and Implants Department of Mechanical Engineering TUM School of Engineering and Design Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering 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