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However, its clinical application remains limited by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and poor targeting efficiency, particularly in solid tumors. To address these challenges, a nanocomposite hydrogel system (Apa\/BPNPs@Gel) is developed by encapsulating PD\u2010L1 inhibitor BMS202 nanoparticles coated with polyvinyl alcohol (BPNPs) into a polyvinyl alcohol\/alginate hybrid hydrogel. This in situ formed hydrogel exhibits favorable biocompatibility and reactive oxygen species\u2010dependent sequential drug release. Initially, the antiangiogenic agent apatinib (Apa) is released to alleviate tumor hypoxia through vascular normalization and enhance PD\u2010L1 suppression, priming the TME for subsequent anti\u2010PD(L)1 therapy. The hydrogel framework extends the residence time of BMS202 (a skeleton component), improving therapeutic efficacy. Notably, in preclinical cervical carcinoma models, Apa\/BPNPs@Gel mediated combination therapy significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival by activating tumor\u2010suppressed CD8+ T cells. Hence, this locally administrable hydrogel offers a versatile platform to modulate the immunosuppressive TME and enhance immunotherapeutic outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202502085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T13:30:08Z","timestamp":1755178208000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["In Situ Formed Nanocomposite Hydrogel Improve Local Delivery of Antiangiogenic Agents and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor for Cervical Carcinoma Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University  Zhengzhou Henan 191599 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuixia","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational medicine Center Second Clinical Medical College of Henan University  Kaifeng Henan 593062 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University  Zhengzhou Henan 191599 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational medicine Center Second Clinical Medical College of Henan University  Kaifeng Henan 593062 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinxin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhengzhou University  Zhengzhou Henan 12636 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuguang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational medicine Center Second Clinical Medical College of Henan University  Kaifeng Henan 593062 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2433-8842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhengzhou University  Zhengzhou Henan 12636 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haifeng","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University  Zhengzhou Henan 191599 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/or.2023.11764"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"1225","volume":"21","author":"Abu\u2010Rustum N. 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