{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T21:25:33Z","timestamp":1792013133810,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":210,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"32","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82472400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82472400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82202670"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82202670"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Adv Healthcare Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The integration of biomaterials and gene therapy heralds a transformative approach for treating autoimmune diseases, which are characterized by immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation. Conventional therapies often suffer from systemic toxicity and nonspecific immunosuppression, highlighting the need for precision medicine strategies. This review highlights recent breakthroughs in biomaterial\u2010assisted delivery of gene therapy tools, such as small\u00a0interfering\u00a0RNA (siRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats\u2010CRISPR\u2010associated 9 (CRISPR\u2010Cas9). Advanced biomaterials, including lipid nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, inorganic nanoparticles (such as gold [Au] and graphene oxide [GO]), and extracellular vesicles (EVs), have been engineered to overcome key challenges, such as low targeting efficiency, enzymatic degradation, and off\u2010target effects. Functionalized systems that leverage pH\u2010, reactive oxygen species (ROS)\u2010, or enzyme\u2010responsive mechanisms enable spatiotemporally controlled release, thereby reducing off\u2010target exposure and systemic toxicity, for example, by confining TNF\u2010\u03b1 siRNA release to inflamed joints in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In contrast, ligand\/receptor\u2010mediated targeting (such as folate and CD44) enhances tissue specificity.\u00a0This review highlights the pivotal role of biomaterials in improving the clinical translation of gene therapy, providing a roadmap for next\u2010generation treatments that prioritize precision, durability, and minimal systemic effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202503262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T11:12:07Z","timestamp":1755774727000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Harnessing Biomaterials for Gene Therapy in Autoimmune Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Wuxinrui","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sericulture and Tea Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Hangzhou 310021 China"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology The Second Xiangya 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