{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T20:01:26Z","timestamp":1792094486438,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Adv Healthcare Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Implantable medical devices, including cardiac electronic implants, joint prostheses, and breast implants, are essential to modern healthcare but remain susceptible to infection from microbial contamination during placement.\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus spp<\/jats:italic>\n                    . and\n                    <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    are the predominant pathogens, often causing severe complications, increased mortality, and substantial healthcare costs. With antibiotic resistance on the rise, intraoperative surface disinfection has emerged as a critical yet underutilized preventive strategy. Taurolidine, a broad\u2010spectrum antimicrobial with a strong safety profile and no known resistance, can be applied directly to both tissues and device surfaces. To replicate intraoperative decontamination, taurolidine\u2010saturated swabs are tested under standardized mechanical wiping using the European Norm EN 16615 \u201c4\u2010field test.\u201d The model reproduced short contact times and organic load conditions reflective of clinical practice, enabling assessment of both chemical and mechanical antimicrobial effects. Taurolidine achieved &gt;5 log\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    reductions in\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and &gt;4 log\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    for\n                    <jats:italic>Enterococcus hirae<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The observed activity demonstrated a surface\u2010driven, enzyme\u2010independent mechanism involving spontaneous release of reactive N\u2010methylol functional groups that disrupt microbial membranes. Taurolidine's enzyme\u2010independent antimicrobial mechanism distinguishes it from solvent\u2010 or oxidant\u2010based disinfectants. These results support taurolidine as a potential adjunctive prophylactic agent to reduce device\u2010related infections during implantation procedures.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202503479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T07:48:21Z","timestamp":1763020101000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Antimicrobial Efficacy of a Taurolidine\u2010Based Antimicrobial Compound on Contaminated Surfaces Simulated in a Standardized 4\u2010Field Test"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7082-533X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benito","family":"Baldauf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of life science University of Applied Sciences Bremerhaven  27568 Bremerhaven Germany"},{"name":"Medical Faculty Christian\u2010Albrechts University  24118 Kiel Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8000-0902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hendrik","family":"Bonnemeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of life science University of Applied Sciences Bremerhaven  27568 Bremerhaven Germany"},{"name":"Medical Faculty Christian\u2010Albrechts University  24118 Kiel Germany"},{"name":"Hospital Schildautal  38723 Seesen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0030-9326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ernest W.","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Victoria Hospital Belfast Belfast BT12 6BA UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8247-6149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jana","family":"Hummel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of life science University of Applied Sciences Bremerhaven  27568 Bremerhaven Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0057-777X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reinhard","family":"Vonthein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMBS University L\u00fcbeck  23562 L\u00fcbeck Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0129-8761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ojan","family":"Assadian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Skin Integrity and Infection Prevention Human and Health Sciences University of Huddersfield Huddersfield HD1 3DH UK"},{"name":"University Hospital Wiener Neustadt Wiener Neustadt 2700 Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eup334"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-15-0133"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/THC-120711"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.04.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.116.003929"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"A17","volume":"110","author":"Baldauf B.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euae102.504"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-82622-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-022-06024-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001187"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14121253"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.13473"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euz246"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2005.00173.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13019-024-03059-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-018-4641-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1761"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2017.06.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","first-page":"78","volume-title":"The In\u2010Vitro Inactivation of Endotoxins By Taurolin","author":"Thomas L. 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