{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T17:15:16Z","timestamp":1792084516078,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]],"date-time":"2026-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]],"date-time":"2026-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771113600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Adv Healthcare Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Glial scar formation stands as a defining pathological hallmark and a primary barrier to functional recovery following traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). This review highlights the intricate and dynamic interplay among glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia) and infiltrating peripheral immune cells, recognizing them as critical orchestrators whose activities profoundly influence scar formation and \u201cscarless repair\u201d strategies. We explore mechanisms by which these cellular populations contribute to the scar and inhibitory milieu, while also possessing potential roles in promoting regeneration. \u201cScarless repair\u201d is aimed at precisely orchestrating this complex glial\u2010immune interaction network to minimize detrimental scar formation, promoting axonal regeneration and functional recovery. Achieving this precise spatiotemporal modulation requires sophisticated tools, among which advanced biomaterial platforms have emerged as key enablers for engineering the injury microenvironment, guiding cell behaviors, and enabling controlled delivery of therapeutic factors. While experimental approaches, including glial cell\u2010based therapies, show promise, significant challenges persist, including model limitations, clinical translation barriers, and long\u2010term safety. Future research should harness advanced technologies to dissect glial interaction networks, develop multi\u2010target combination therapies, and identify biomarkers indicative of effective scar remodeling and functional neural repair. The ultimate goal is effective SCI repair and providing insights for other neurological disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202503952","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]],"date-time":"2026-02-15T09:03:39Z","timestamp":1771146219000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Orchestrating Scarless Spinal Cord Repair: Dynamic Glial\u2010Immune Interplay and Biomaterial Support"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Pengle","family":"Duan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine surgery Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology  Shanghai China"},{"name":"School of Health Science and Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duojun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine surgery Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine surgery Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3145-4430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shifei","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science and Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaijun","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17623"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/416636a"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smsc.202500260"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12060853"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4354"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392\u2010025\u201002398\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287\u2010025\u201004367\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.70066"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264\u2010022\u201000897\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.87843"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.092756"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/nrr.Nrr\u2010d\u201023\u201001256"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2022.114239"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.668396"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311\u2010018\u20100630\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593\u2010024\u201001684\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255\u2010023\u201000887\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.4c04893"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2020.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010024\u201007906\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024\u2010024\u201000760\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41232\u2010022\u201000193\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018\u2010021\u201003852\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241612912"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40364\u2010025\u201000845\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422\u2010023\u201000897\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13060474"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00203"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.24343"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478\u2010023\u201001554\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121279"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajps.2021.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590\u2010023\u201001645\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010022\u201031797\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.6221\u201011.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2022.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974\u2010022\u201002627\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974\u2010024\u201003207\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.09.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2016.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202419798"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2020.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202418870"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202400249"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2024.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202420394"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202422906"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2025.123422"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adg0234"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010025\u201009028\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202406398"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noaf201.1903"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010025\u201057029\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.088850"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ado9120"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2024.12.028"}],"container-title":["Advanced Healthcare Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/adhm.202503952","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/adhm.202503952","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/adhm.202503952","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T03:28:36Z","timestamp":1786332516000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/adhm.202503952"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/adhm.202503952"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adhm.202503952","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2192-2640","2192-2659"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2192-2640","type":"print"},{"value":"2192-2659","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e03952"}}