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Herein, we present REFRESH\u2014Reversible Embedded Bioprinting for Faster Reinforcement and Structuring of dECM Hydrogels, a next\u2010generation embedded bioprinting platform designed for high\u2010fidelity fabrication of anatomically relevant tissue constructs using dECM hydrogels. At the core of this system is a custom\u2010engineered polyethylene glycol (PEG)\u2010gelatin microgel suspension bath that performs dual functions: it modulates the bath's rheological behavior, enhancing yield stress, shear\u2010thinning, and self\u2010healing properties necessary for precise deposition, and actively promotes in situ gelation of dECM hydrogel inks via hydrogen bonding and crowding\u2010induced interactions. This enables faster filament stabilization, reduced structural fusion, and improved print fidelity compared to conventional thermal gelation. We recreated the zonal architecture of the trachea by co\u2010printing cartilage\u2010 and trachealis muscle\u2010derived dECM's encapsulating primary chondrocytes, fibroblasts, and subsequent epithelialization to form a biomimetic luminal surface. Furthermore, we fabricated functional trifurcated bronchial structures using lung\u2010derived dECM that supported stromal\u2010like mesenchymal behavior with contractile marker expression. The versatility of the REFRESH platform was further validated by the successful printing of a diverse array of tissue\u2010specific dECM hydrogels beyond the airway system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202504931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T07:39:37Z","timestamp":1776152377000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["REFRESH\u2014Reversible Embedded Bioprinting for Faster Reinforcement and Structuring of dECM Hydrogels"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7584-9375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meenu","family":"T S","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad  Sangareddy Telangana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashis","family":"Kumar Bera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad  Sangareddy Telangana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soham","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad  Sangareddy Telangana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad  Sangareddy Telangana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaddam","family":"Kiranmai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad  Sangareddy Telangana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3588-1800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Falguni","family":"Pati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad  Sangareddy Telangana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2472630317742071"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smsc.202300280"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/adafdd"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4935"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav9051"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1500758"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1758\u20105090\/addc42"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2019.12.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/mi13030469"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4BM00550C"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202300905"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3TB02913A"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c09221"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3BM00626C"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2023.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1TB02554F"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c15078"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202303325"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/3dp.2018.0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1758\u20105090\/ac0fca"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202315488"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2018.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms151223090"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/la801685v"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2015.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1SM01473K"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnnfm.2005.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2008076117"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.6b00544"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","first-page":"99","volume-title":"Rheological characterization of hydrogels. 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