{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T15:15:11Z","timestamp":1788016511285,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766707200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82002724"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82002724"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82172601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82172601"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Adv Healthcare Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Among the three primary gynecological malignancies, ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate, and its onset is often insidious. Despite standard treatments, relapse and drug resistance remain major challenges. Doxorubicin (DOX) is known to induce immunogenic cell death (ICD); however, some patients still experience tumor resistance and recurrence owing to tumor\u2010driven immunosuppression. Indoleamine 2,3\u2010dioxygenase (IDO), which is highly expressed in tumor tissues, impairs T\u2010cell function and differentiation, thereby promoting immunosuppression. Consequently, combining the IDO inhibitor indoximod (IND) with DOX may reverse immunosuppression and enhance both T\u2010cell\u2013mediated and ICD\u2010driven anticancer effects. However, both drugs are limited by high systemic toxicity and poor tumor targeting, necessitating the use of nanocarriers to improve delivery efficiency and minimize toxicity. This study aims to develop novel cell membrane\u2013camouflaged liposomes capable of co\u2010delivering IND and DOX (DOX\/IND@cmLPs) for ovarian cancer therapy and to evaluate its anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo. The particle size of DOX\/IND@cmLPs is measured as 111.7 \u00b1 2.7\u00a0nm using a Malvern Zetasizer Pro, with a zeta potential of \u221222.4 \u00b1 4.00\u00a0mV. Entrapment efficiency (EE) is assessed using ultra\u2010high performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet spectrophotometry, yielding EE values of 85.1% \u00b1 3.4% for DOX and 23.9% \u00b1 1.3% for IND. At both pH 7.4 and pH 5.5, DOX release from DOX\/IND@cmLPs is rapid during the first 24 hours, followed by a slower, more sustained release. Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining and Western Blot analysis confirmed successful encapsulation of the cell membrane in the liposomes. The potent antitumor effect of DOX\/IND@cmLPs is demonstrated via CellTiter\u2010Glo assays in vitro. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining revealed an increased ratio of CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells to Treg cells in tumor tissues, suggesting that DOX\/IND@cmLPs may partially reverse local tumor\u2010induced immunosuppression. Reduced Ki\u201067\u00a0expression and increased TdT\u2010mediated dUTP nick\u2010end labeling positive cell ratios in tumor sections indicated that DOX\/IND@cmLPs treatment suppressed tumor proliferation and promoted apoptosis. Immunohistochemistry showed alterations in mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)\u2010related pathway proteins in tumors. Furthermore, DOX\/IND@cmLPs could induce an abscopal effect and provide long\u2010lasting tumor suppression in a subcutaneous mouse model. In this study, a formulation of DOX\/IND\u2010loaded liposomes camouflaged with ovarian cancer cell membranes is successfully developed, and their stable physicochemical properties are confirmed. As an effective nanodrug delivery system, DOX\/IND@cmLPs exhibited enhanced tumor\u2010targeting and immune\u2010mediated anticancer activity both in vitro and in vivo, indicating their potential as a platform for future combined chemotherapy and immunotherapy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202504988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T10:27:30Z","timestamp":1766744850000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Modification\u2010Driven Nanocarriers: Ovarian Cancer Cell Membrane\u2013 Camouflaged Indoximod\/Doxorubicin Co\u2010Delivery Systems for Synergistic Immunochemotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6930-1133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yiyin","family":"Ruan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huijie","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry and Life Science Beijing University of Technology  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9272-7455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0685-9479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weiwei","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0663-6504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaojuan","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-024-00881-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032712-100008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04017-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3626"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202201401"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-022-00937-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2022.121799"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PGP.0000000000000494"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2017.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2018.00423"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-018-0702-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-020-0348-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.13747"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2017.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40259-013-0070-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-022-00699-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.9b01742"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/onci.21716"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2018.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-024-00977-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104499"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-49034-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2024.122477"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2TB00197G"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1CB00257K"},{"issue":"46","key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","article-title":"Enhancing Apoptosome Assembly via Mito\u2010Biomimetic Lipid Nanocarrier for Cancer Therapy","volume":"33","author":"Han H. 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