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While VEGF inhibitors can suppress pathological blood vessel growth and NGF therapies can promote tissue regeneration, treatments employing the growth factors are often invasive, inefficient, or not suitable for long\u2010term use. For example, the use of NGF\u2010containing eye drops requires high drug loads and frequent administration, thereby increasing the potential for side effects and high costs. Based on a critical overview of currently used experimental and clinical approaches for the delivery or inhibition of growth factors, we highlight aptamers as promising yet underexplored therapeutic tools. Aptamers combine high target specificity, tunable structure and affinity, stability, low immunogenicity, and scalable chemical synthesis. These properties allow aptamers to be readily incorporated into biomaterial carriers, such as hydrogels, implants, or contact lenses, to improve the controlled binding of growth factors for precise modulation of their levels in ocular tissues via release or sequestration strategies. Leveraging these advantages in future developments could facilitate the aptamer\u2010functionalized platforms to overcome the limitations of current therapies and advance more sustainable, targeted, and patient\u2010oriented treatment strategies in ophthalmology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202505182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T07:48:51Z","timestamp":1776844131000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Aptamer\u2010Based Delivery Systems for VEGF and NGF Modulation in Ocular Therapies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5637-5276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadine","family":"Best","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomaterials University of Bayreuth  Prof.\u2010R\u00fcdiger\u2010Bormann\u2010Str. 1 Bayreuth Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9605-164X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gizem","family":"Karabiyik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry University Hospital of W\u00fcrzburg  Pleicherwall 2 W\u00fcrzburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2034-3687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerd","family":"Geerling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University of D\u00fcsseldorf Moorenstr. 5 D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9133-1099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah Barbara","family":"Zwingelberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University of D\u00fcsseldorf Moorenstr. 5 D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9819-8630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregor","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry University Hospital of W\u00fcrzburg  Pleicherwall 2 W\u00fcrzburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2097-8941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Humenik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomaterials University of Bayreuth  Prof.\u2010R\u00fcdiger\u2010Bormann\u2010Str. 1 Bayreuth Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7399\/fh.11388"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5497\/wjp.v2.i2.47"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N.Pfeiffer C.Cursiefen F. 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