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Probiotics are considered a promising alternative therapy, but their cellular activity is susceptible to external stress. Here, we developed a strategy that integrates genetic engineering with a bilayer\u2010structured encapsulation system to create a living probiotic coating for DTs. To enhance the safety and controllability of\n                    <jats:italic>Saccharomyces boulardii<\/jats:italic>\n                    , dual nutrient\u2010deficient strains were constructed.\n                    <jats:italic>ARO10<\/jats:italic>\n                    was overexpressed to improve the antagonistic activity of\n                    <jats:italic>S. boulardii<\/jats:italic>\n                    by promoting the release of 2\u2010phenylethanol. Scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence imaging demonstrated that sodium alginate microspheres containing engineered probiotics were successfully embedded within a GelMA hydrogel matrix. Results from MTT, ATP, and colony\u2010forming unit assays showed that the double\u2010layer physical barrier not only preserved the cellular activity of the probiotics but also effectively prevented their escape. In co\u2010culture experiments, the coating exhibited inhibitory effects against both\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and the hyphal development of\n                    <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Moreover, RNA sequencing, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed that the coating reduced the infective capacity of\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    by impairing their oxidative stress responses. Overall, this living probiotic coating offers a promising approach for preventing DT\u2010related infections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202505654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T07:17:02Z","timestamp":1768893422000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Controllable Engineered Probiotic Hydrogel Coatings Prevent Drainage Tube\u2010Associated Infections by Disrupting Pathogen Oxidative Stress Responses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yunyun","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong First Medical University &amp; Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences  Jinan China"},{"name":"School of Radiology Shandong First Medical University &amp; Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences  Tai'an 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