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The transplantation of allogenic islets is a promising therapeutic approach, whereby their macro\u2010encapsulation offers immune protection but restricts oxygenation after transplantation. This study addresses the challenge of oxygen supply by developing a spatially structured co\u2010culture system using bioprinting, in which both pancreatic islets and the photosynthetically active microalga\n                    <jats:italic>Scenedesmus<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. are embedded in alginate\u2010based hydrogels. Key environmental parameters for long\u2010term co\u2010cultivation were developed and systematically optimized: red light illumination was identified as non\u2010detrimental to islet viability and function while supporting microalgal photosynthesis at the same time, and a co\u2010culture medium was formulated to fulfill the metabolic requirements of both cell types. In direct co\u2010culture experiments under hypoxic conditions, microalgae generated sufficient oxygen to maintain normoxic conditions, thereby preserving islet viability and glucose\u2010stimulated insulin secretion over several days. The results demonstrate that spatially organized bioprinting enables the close proximity of islets and microalgae, facilitating effective oxygen transfer in vitro. This work establishes a robust framework for functional mammalian\u2013microalgae co\u2010cultures, optimizing conditions to reliably maintain cell health and function through photosynthetically generated oxygen.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202505927","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T05:15:01Z","timestamp":1773033301000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Oxygen Supply of Islets of Langerhans by Photosynthetically Active Microalgae in Bioprinted Co\u2010Cultures Maintains Their Function in a Hypoxic Environment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7045-1443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Finn","family":"Dani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of 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