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Natural hydrogels often lack mechanical strength and osteoinductivity, while growth factor\u2010based approaches suffer from instability, high costs, and complexity. Herein, a novel injectable thermosensitive nanocomposite hydrogel is developed by integrating tilapia\u2010derived type I collagen, chitosan, and zinc\u2010doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (Zn\u2010MBGNs), crosslinked via genipin. This sustainable composite exhibits favorable thermoresponsiveness, shear\u2010thinning injectability, porous structure, enhanced mechanical properties, controlled degradation, and superior biocompatibility. It demonstrates dual biofunctionality: immunomodulation by repolarizing LPS\u2010stimulated M1 macrophages toward an anti\u2010inflammatory M2 phenotype and promoted osteogenesis in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. In vivo, the hydrogel significantly accelerates repair of critical\u2010sized calvarial bone defects in rats, as evidenced by micro\u2010CT, histological, and immunofluorescence analyses showing enhanced vascularization and osteogenic markers. This multifunctional platform introduces a dual\u2010pathway mechanism, direct Zn\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010mediated osteogenesis combined with indirect macrophage polarization, for efficient bone regeneration, offering a minimally invasive, growth factor\u2010free strategy with high translational potential for maxillofacial reconstruction.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202505941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T13:48:06Z","timestamp":1776692886000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Sustainable Collagen\u2010Based Hydrogel Integrated with Bioactive Glass for Minimally Invasive, Growth Factor\u2010Free Immunomodulatory Maxillofacial Bone 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenxi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdi D.","family":"Dashti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral And Maxillofacial Department, Adan Hospital Ministry of Health  Ahmadi Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingzhou","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Maxillofacial\u2010Head and Neck Oncology, College of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai 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