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PTT in the near\u2010infrared\u2010II (NIR\u2010II) window (1000\u20131700\u00a0nm) obtains significant interest due to its lower energy dissipation, deeper penetration, and higher power safety windows than its counterparts conducted in other optical bands. Among those materials capable of coupling light and heat within the NIR\u2010II window, metal\u2010based nanomaterials bear a strong photothermal conversion capability that establishes them as highly effective and operationally convenient photothermal agents. However, biosafety risks and metabolic challenges pose critical limitations to their applications. This review focuses on the latest progress in metal\u2010based nanoparticles for NIR\u2010II responsive PTT and summarizes typical strategies for achieving multifunctional synergistic cancer treatment based on these materials. First, we review the mechanisms of photothermal effects and principal indicators for evaluating the PTT efficacy. Second, recent development strategies for metal and metal\u2010compound nanoparticles for PTT and PTT\u2010based treatments (e.g., photodynamic therapy, chemodynamic therapy, and chemotherapy, etc.) are systemically introduced. Finally, current challenges and opportunities of metal\u2010based nanoparticles in NIR\u2010II PTT are discussed, which helps the future development of metal\u2010based nanoparticles for NIR\u2010II PTT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.71272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T05:07:21Z","timestamp":1779858441000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Progress in Metal\u2010Based Nanomaterials for Photothermal Therapy in the Second Near\u2010Infrared Window"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8034-2711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chengzhi","family":"Niu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai 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