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Here, we report a tumor microenvironment\u2013responsive hydrogel that couples self\u2010amplifying pyroptosis with CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells modulation to prevent postoperative tumor relapse. This hydrogel consists of a butyrate prodrug hydrogel and engineered bacterial membrane vesicles encoding a self\u2010triggered gasdermin D\u2010mediated pyroptosis program. Upon in situ gelation within the surgical cavity, the hydrogel undergoes controlled degradation to release the engineered pyroptosis\u2010inducing vesicles and butyrate. The released membrane vesicles elevate intracellular gasdermin D levels while simultaneously activating the NLRP3\u2013caspase\u20101 pathway, thereby triggering robust and self\u2010amplifying pyroptosis in residual tumor cells. This lytic cell death eliminates residual malignancies and releases damage\u2010associated molecular patterns that convert the postoperative niche from immunosuppressive to immunogenic and promote cytotoxic T lymphocytes recruitment. Concurrently, butyrate released from the hydrogel reprograms infiltrating CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells, enhancing their effector function. By integrating tumor cell\u2013intrinsic pyroptosis induction with modulation of antitumor CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells, this combinatorial platform remodels the postoperative tumor microenvironment and provides durable protection against tumor regrowth. This work establishes a localized immunomodulatory strategy that directly addresses the long\u2010standing challenge of postoperative tumor recurrence.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.71313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T02:56:27Z","timestamp":1780455387000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immunomodulatory Hydrogel Coupling Pyroptosis Amplification With T\u2010Cell Modulation to Block Postoperative Tumor Recurrence"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Fang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Polymer Science and Engineering School of Chemistry and Materials Science University of Science and Technology of China  Hefei Anhui China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials Department of Biomedical Engineering Southern University of Science and 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