{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T23:14:19Z","timestamp":1789168459684,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"34","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025M772132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025M772132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Adv Healthcare Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is the primary curative therapy for early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, incomplete ablation inevitably occurs in clinical practice, leaving residual tumors that are highly immunosuppressive, refractory to immune checkpoint inhibitors, and prone to recurrence and metastasis. To address this, we developed a novel nanoformulation, OMV\n                    <jats:sup>bsAb<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010MAL, by modifying bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) with DEC205\/PD\u2010L1 bispecific antibodies and maleimide (MAL) groups. Following local administration after RFA, OMV\n                    <jats:sup>bsAb<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010MAL forms thioether bonds with tumor proteins, thereby capturing abundant tumor\u2010associated antigens (TAAs) released in situ. The nano\u2010sized OMV\n                    <jats:sup>bsAb<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010MAL penetrates the tumor stroma and traffics efficiently to tumor\u2010draining lymph nodes. Significantly, the bispecific antibodies on the nanoplatform enable specific DC recognition, mediating targeted delivery of TAAs to DCs within tumors and lymph nodes. Concurrently, OMV\n                    <jats:sup>bsAb<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010MAL blocks PD\u2010L1, thereby restoring DC function and alleviating PD\u2010L1\u2010mediated immune suppression. In combination with TAAs, the immunogenic vesicles markedly promote DC maturation, resulting in robust antigen presentation and potent T cell activation. Consequently, OMV\n                    <jats:sup>bsAb<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010MAL synergizes with RFA to elicit both local and systemic antitumor immune responses, effectively suppressing residual and distant tumors, and thus provides a promising strategy for integrating RFA with immunotherapy in HCC.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.71589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T05:45:19Z","timestamp":1786599919000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicle\u2010Based Versatile In Situ Nanovaccine Enhancer Synergized With Radiofrequency Ablation Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yongchao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interventional Radiology Jining Key Laboratory of Stroke and Neural Repair Jining Academy of Medical Sciences Jining NO.1 People's Hospital  Jining China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kecheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Institute Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingpei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interventional Medicine The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Zhuhai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University  Nanning 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