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We fabricate Si\u2010based photovoltaic retinal implants with single p\u2010n junctions in 40\u00a0\u00b5m and 200\u00a0\u00b5m pixels and successfully integrate pyrolytic carbon electrodes. Single pixels provide an open\u2010circuit voltage of up to 0.5\u00a0V under near\u2010infrared (NIR) illumination, demonstrating the functionality of the miniaturized solar cells despite the high thermal budget of the pyrolysis process. In electrophysiological ex vivo experiments with mouse retinal tissue, the intra\u2010 and extracellular spike activity significantly increased upon NIR\u2010induced photovoltaic stimulation with the retinal implant compared to spontaneous activity, while spike amplitudes were comparable to the natural response to white light. The absence of action potentials after subsequent blocking of Na channels with tetrodotoxin confirmed the biological nature of the signals recorded during stimulation. Furthermore, spike amplitudes of evoked potentials were slightly higher for carbon electrodes compared to Au counterparts. Photovoltaic retinal implants with 3D carbon pillar electrodes were explored for ex vivo stimulation of porcine retinal tissue, confirming their ability to evoke action potentials in retinal neurons. The results demonstrate the potential of miniaturized photovoltaic pixels with 3D pyrolytic carbon electrodes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.71651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T05:36:06Z","timestamp":1787722566000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Photovoltaic Stimulation of Mouse and Pig Retina With Pyrolytic Carbon Microelectrodes Integrated on High\u2010Density Silicon Solar Cell Arrays"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Akihiro","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gene Function and Phenomics National Institute of Genetics  Mishima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pratik","family":"Kusumanchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization (DTU Nanolab) Technical University of 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