{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T09:52:43Z","timestamp":1791280363427,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001843","name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRG\/2022\/007942"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRG\/2022\/007942"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001843","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Adv Healthcare Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Biofilms, dense microbial communities embedded in extracellular polymeric substances, present persistent challenges in medical devices by conferring antibiotic resistance and fostering chronic infections. Conventional antimicrobial or enzymatic approaches often fail due to poor penetration into biofilm matrices. This work introduces a dynamic surface capable of mechanically disrupting biofilms, enabling on\u2010demand cleaning of biomedical interfaces. Here, we present a dual\u2010responsive bilayer actuator composed of a solvent\u2010responsive hydrogel and a photoresponsive elastomer. The system harnesses solvent\u2010 and light\u2010induced bidirectional bending for effective detachment of bacterial biofilms. The bilayer undergoes upward curvature upon exposure to solvent and reverses to downward curvature upon irradiation with green light (530\u00a0nm), demonstrating repeatable and directional actuation. We evaluate the removal of\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    biofilms across 12, 24, and 48\u00a0h growth periods, comparing single and cyclic actuation modes. Quantitative analyses show that upward bending (\u03b8\u223c 156\u00b0) and downward bending (\u03b8\u223c \u221273.7\u00b0) each achieve significant detachment, while cyclic actuation further enhances removal efficiency (&gt;70%), particularly for mature 48\u00a0h biofilms. Colony\u2010forming unit assays validate the reduction in viable bacteria following the actuation. This study demonstrates the potential of dual\u2010responsive actuators as biocompatible, nonchemical strategies for biofilm removal for next\u2010generation antifouling medical device surfaces.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.71804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T09:05:52Z","timestamp":1791277552000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dual\u2010Responsive Bidirectional Actuator for Biofilm Disruption on Medical Surfaces"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9935-3775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amit","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences Indian Institute of Technology Madras  Chennai India"},{"name":"Department of Applied Mechanics and Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology 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